Journal of Contemporary Issues in Business and Government

This study aims to identify the attitudes of value-added tax taxpayers towards e-tax systems and their impact on tax compliance. As such, this study answers questions about the Attitude of VAT payers towards e-tax systems, and whether it has an impact on the adoption of these systems as well as tax compliance. This paper has been composed based on two theories: Theory of Reasoned Action and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with the integration of the following variables: adoption of tax systems, tax compliance, and computer skills. This study revealed that a positive attitude has been shown as well as an adoption of e-applications by value-added taxpayers. In addition, this study indicated that there is compliance with this value-added tax. Furthermore, findings also showed that there is statistical significance of technical computer skills on adopting e-applications, taxpayers’ attitudes, and their adoption of e-applications in compliance with value-added tax. Finally, findings have shown that there is an effect of taxpayers' adoption of e-applications as a mediating variable on the relationship between the attitudes of taxpayers towards e-applications and tax compliance.

The effect of COVID-19 pandemic was severe in most countries and in all sectors. The vulnerable is the SMEs. The objective of this study is to investigate the management response of SMEs for the difficulties they face through the pandemic. Qualitative research was used. The questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data. The questionnaire was designed to collect information about the demographic characteristic of SMEs owners, the operational difficulties, the financial difficulties and the management response to COVID-19. The questionnaire was distributed on a random sample of SMEs composed of 1321 owners. The questionnaire was distributed using electronic tools. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS. The results showed that SMEs owners faced many operational difficulties (workers overload, low production, customers interests change, and low flow of raw material) and financial difficulties (low sales, low cash flow, and low turnover). The highest management response by SMEs owners was through minimizing the workers wages to 50%, to register in Social Security Foundation to support their workers, decrease the expenses and the stored stocks.

The study here was concerned with identifying the intellectual capital and its role in achieving organizational creativity in Jordanian health organizations, as well as verifying the existence of that relationship with that moral link And its moral effect on it, and intellectual capital is linked here with those three elements (human, structural, customers) as well as organizational creativity is divided into three levels (individual, group, organization) and the relative importance of intellectual capital variables becomes evident here in terms of that effect on organizational creativity in those organizations. Jordanian

This study is an effort to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic, demographic factors and the individual’s financial risk tolerance level in investment decisions. Various actors like gender, age, income, education, and nature of work of individuals have been assessed to find their financial risk tolerance level in investment decisions. The sample data has been gathered from the individual investors of Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE), Islamabad Stock Exchange (ISE) and Lahore Stock Exchange (LSE) through the questionnaire designed by Dow Jones and Company in 1998. Various research techniques like descriptive statistics, univariate analysis, correlation analysis, and multivariate regression has employed in order to investigate different factors that matter in individuals' financial risk tolerance level. The results reveal that in the case of Pakistan male investors dominate the investment market implying a higher level of financial risk tolerance in men compared to women. Mostly investors possess higher education like graduation and above due to which financial risk tolerance increases with higher qualification. Increase in age results in an increase in the level of investor’s financial risk tolerance and increase in the income level of individuals also increases the level of financial risk tolerance of the individuals in investment decisions in the context of Pakistan.

Share price determination have always been of interest in the financial world and capital market as investors give critical importance in understanding why prices move up and down. In this regard, multiple researches have been conducted in literature, which provides mixed opinion and findings related to determinants of share price in terms of positive or negative influence as determinants differs among various countries. The current study aims to investigates the impact of micro and macro dynamics on share price, particularly non-financial firms listed in textile sector on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The study collected data of 62 listed textile firms by using secondary sources such as DataStream, annual reports, SBP and (PSX). This study used panel data analysis to analyse the impact on share price. from period 2009 to 2017. Different statistical analysis methods such as descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, pooled OLS, Breusch and Pagan LM test, Hausman test and fixed effect model is employed to perform analysis. The findings suggest that micro dynamics (EPS, BVS and LNFS) and macro dynamics (GDP) are positively and significantly related to share price of firm in textile sector of Pakistan. However, micro dynamics (DPS) and macro dynamics (INF) are found to be insignificant. The current study adds to the existing body of literature and ongoing debate on the determinants that influence the share price in developing market, particularly textile sector of Pakistan.

The study will review the literature about disaster management in the Scopus database in 10 years from 2009 to 2018. A review will be done systematically to find out the direction of published and highly cited literature in the policymaking and problem solving after and post-natural disaster in Malaysia. After the complete assessment and filtration of the sheet, only 52 studies are left for the further process. irrelevant literature is screen out and relevant research is analyzed for further process. flood management and landslides are widely discussed challenges and problems in Malaysia. But the flood hazard management in Malaysia is developing rapidly, although the country is a new industrial developed country. The growth and development of social pace, fast-growth political and economic changes and that also charging up the pace of physical and environmental changes. Landslides are also growing with the period in Malaysia and some parts of the country are victims near the residential areas during the monsoon period. It's alarming that the residential areas are in the potential risk of landslides and the highways in some parts of the mountain area of the country.

The purpose of this article is to discuss the daily currency wars around the world. Also, it outlines important currencies. There is a debate about the risk of currency wars and the options to handle them. The impact of the exchange rate on the Pakistani economy is also part of this debate. With less domestic savings, emerging economies such as Pakistan have to go international to get more foreign money. There are always competitors in the foreign exchange market. Fights are now commonplace. Currency wars must be recognized and dealt with properly.

Although international business and trade cooperation is regarded as a hallmark of the 21st century, the current liberal consensus on economic globalisation has been challenged by new events in Brexit through President Trump 's approach and pro-Trump-Multilateral business trade. This paper will argue that, on the alternative, the CPEC is China's scenarios and Pakistan's latest effort to lift the young generation of international trade, as the one Belt and one Road was suggested by China's economic corridor as a route to growth, whereas the CPEC would be even more valid of ignorance-bringing isolation. It's a game-changer with Pakistan, as that is a forum for economic integration. The CPEC will also flourish in China and Pakistan, but it will have such a positive effect on Iran, Afghanistan , India, the Central Asian Republic, and the region. Foreign business can be fostered by strengthening regional ties as opposed to anti-localization movements.

Online learning and online classes have been widely elevated to replace customary face to face methods of learning during this Covid-19 pandemic to keep up small kids learning and play at home. This research works overviewed 183 Indian parents’ attitude and perception for young children’s online learning during the lockdown of the Covid-19 pandemic. 10 different schools were selected for the study. Survey method was used to collect primary data. SPSS (version 24) was used to convert this primary data into information so as to draw a conclusion. With an objective to understand the parent’s perception and opinion about online classes, it was concluded that parents are very well adjusted and satisfy about this methodology of learning. They opined that online learning has a positive influence on learning on the children and it is the need of the hour during this pandemic.

The primary objective of the study is to identify various challenges and solutions for the supply chain amidst COVID Pandemic and to determine Atmanirbhar as one of the possible solutions. The study adopts both primary and secondary data to substantiate the concept of Atmanirbhar Bharat. The survey collects data from middle and upper-level managers across industries through the questionnaire method and uses multiple regression techniques for analysis. The study finds a substantial reduction in imports, delays, affected logistics, and impact on investment returns as significant supply chain challenges to Industries. The recommended solutions for supply chain challenges are the use of automation and technology, meeting customers' changing demand, and the use of optimization. Moreover, Being Atmanirbhar opens up a plethora of opportunities to businesses with a rise in costs. The study highlights cases of different industries in India, adopting Atmanirbhar as a revival strategy for make in India.

financing decisions are one of the most vital decisions for companies. the given study investigates the influence of capital structure on the stock return in the context of oil and gas segment of pakistan. analysis have been conducted on 10 oil and gas companies operating in pakistan stock exchange on the basis of market capitalization over the period of 2013 to 2018.ordinary least square, fixed effect and random effect estimation methods used in the study. this study identifies the factors size, growth, non-debt tax shields, profitability, and tangibility which are important in choosing optimum capital structure. these factors are independent variables, while financial leverage is the dependent variable. results found that non-debt tax shields and profitability have the negative relationship and size, tangibility and growth have the positive relationship with the financial leverage. however, the results for size and tangibility are not statistically significant. profitability shows the negative sign and statistically significant so it may be concluded that the profitability and financial leverage are negatively related. growth is positively related with financial leverage and it is also statistically significant so hypothesis regarding growth is accepted and concludes that there is positive relationship between growth and financial leverage of the listed oil and gas firms of pakistan and follows the pecking order hypothesis. this research study is based on the data taken from the state bank of pakistan publication balance sheet of oil and gas sector companies listed on the pakistan stock exchange.

There has been a growing interest in the issue of treasury and cash holdings as its purpose has overgone several important changes within companies over time. It has evolved from a simple function of comparing accounting and banking information to a function that is at the heart of the strategic sphere of the company. However, in spite of this growing interest, the phenomenon of holding cash has been the subject of rare research, yet to satisfy all the theoretical doubts and curiosity related to this subject. Based on theories explaining the liquidity-accumulating behavior of firms, this research reviews the role of different financial theories such as, trade off theory, pecking order theory and agency theory in the decision making of corporate cash management practices. Majority of the literature depicts the prominence of trade off theory and pecking order theory in the cash management practices of firms. However, some empirical and theoretical studies also described the significance of agency theory. Starting from the motivation of cash holding, this study warrants the need to empirically extent the significance of financial theories in the future.

Currently, the living environment is heavily polluted, largely due to the destruction of humans. With regard to environmental pollution, the responsibilities of each Vietnamese citizen are the same. Any citizen needs to seriously comply with state regulations, raise their own awareness to contribute to preserving and protecting the environment. However, for many years, the awareness of environmental protection of students is attached and the work of educating the awareness of environmental protection in universities has not been paid attention. In order to have an accurate basis for assessing the awareness, responsibility of environmental protection and the importance of educating about environmental protection responsibility among students, the group surveyed 1,500 students, 120 lecturers, 20 organizing unions and associations in universities. Survey results showed that, education on environmental protection responsibility is very necessary; that is a requirement and a task that needs to be done immediately to raise students’ awareness in protecting the environment

Vietnamese beliefs hold a special place and play an important part in creating the character of Vietnamese culture. However, it also has certain limitations that need to be studied and considered to help authorities make certain adjustments to orient religious activities, and at the same time exploit the inherent values, contributing to the building and preservation of an advanced Vietnamese culture imbued with national identity. On the basis of researching the reality of belief activities of Vietnamese people across the country, the study analyzes the value of beliefs that bring to people’s lives, thereby proposing solutions to promote the positive and limit negative aspects in religious activities. Due to many objective and subjective reasons, the study focuses on analyzing only 3 typical Vietnamese folk beliefs: the worship of ancestor belief, the worship of Mother Goddess beliefs, and the worship of Village’s Tutelary God belief (Thành Hoàng làng).

Our study aimed to identify the relevance of intellectual improvement and jump to entrepreneurship as reasons for extra income for lecturers in Indonesia. The reality in the field is that it is often the case where many individual lecturers in Indonesia have concurrent jobs, between the commitment to become academics for intellectual development idealism and part-time work as individual entrepreneurs in various non-work sectors outside the academic domain. For this fact to be scientifically proven, we conducted a series of data collection, including field observations, a review of national and international publication journals, and other literature that discusses the double standards of the profession for campus intellectuals. Furthermore, we analyze the phenomenological approach and in-depth interpretation to find answers and assumptions to this study's questions. To simplify this study's objectives, we chose a qualitative design of the data with the Google Scholar online database and Google search. We talk with keywords, for example, "academic calling," "intellectual enhancement," entrepreneurial spirit, "additional incomes, "and" Indonesian lecturers. "After conducting in-depth analysis and consideration of other scientific evidence data, it can be concluded that there is a balanced relevance between the desire to remain academic and an intellectual vocation with an entrepreneurial spirit among lecturers and teachers in Indonesia.

This article discusses the peculiarities of anthroponyms in the style of the writer, their place in the work of art. The giving of anthroponyms in creative stories is also revealed through examples.

In the following article the info regarding the life and the scientific heritage of Mirza Muhammad Abdulazim Sami Bustani (1838-1907) who had been worked in as a munshi the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, who had worked in the palace of the emir of Bukhara (Muzaffar), his books on the history of the emirate of Bukhara.

In this article, we will focus on the socio-philosophical aspects of corruption, as well as an analysis of the results of our survey, which aims to identify views on corruption in society. This article is based on the methods of analysis, synthesis, statistical, comparative analysis, the results of the survey are based on statistical analysis, interpreted by diagrams and graphs.

This article highlights some features of the service system on the Great Silk Road based on historical sources and literature.

The article aims to present the elements of the social capital of young people living in Cieszyn Silesia. For this purpose, the author exploits Znaniecki’s concept of expansive aspirations for independence and Putnam’s concept of bridging capital (bridging capital).The study was conducted from October 2012 to January 2013 in Cieszyn Silesia, in schools located in Cieszyn, Skoczów, Ustroń and Istebna.

Branding has become one of the most relevant marketing concepts because of the importance and benefits of strategically developing a brand. However, it is commonly categorized in the business environment, which limits its applicability. In view of this, this research work seeks to analyze the various approaches and practical applications of branding in the last 10 years.
137 scientific articles were consulted using various scientific databases, and 54 were finally extracted, 49 of which were of the highest academic level. To be included, an article had to have relevant, current, reliable information related to the topic in question.
The growing importance of branding in the business sector has caused many scholars to choose to extrapolate branding principles to different areas, but the full implications of branding are not yet known. Both its relationship with an ancestral concept such as anthropomorphization, and its relationship with state-of-the-art technologies such as virtual reality or the Internet of things, or the incredible capacity of being able to mitigate an individual's physical pain through the creation of emotional bonds, have not yet been widely studied by the scientific marketing community.

The contribution of socialist leader Dr Rammanohar Lohia during the freedom struggle and his socio-economic and political views has been praiseworthy in the contemporary India. Lohia was a visionary leader. While Marx's views were mostly based on economic disparity, Lohia on the contrary made the basis of his ideological crusade as socio-economic and cultural disparity along with search of political power for the common man. He gave the concept of "Saptkranti" and raised his voice against the different aspects of exploitations of poor masses. Lohia's ideological thoughts on different political, social and economic issues such as question of world citizen, means of Nation's economic development, social evils like caste system and the poor's participation in the political power structure, and most important his views on socialism made him world famous socialist leader and thinker of contemporary India. His thoughts on international affairs and particularly on the question of Indian Foreign Policy gave him the political recognition among the contemporary world leaders. Against this backdrop, present paper attempts to review the socio- economic and political views of Dr. Rammanohar Lohia.

This constructive study identifies economic indicators that influence ER fluctuations in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan from 1987 to 2018. The VECM model has been employed to identify the long-run causal movement from EXP, FDI, and FCE to RER. The Wald test is also applied as a VECM short-run representation to evaluate the model's short-run movement. This research's major determinations indicate that the long-term and short-term causal movements from FDI, EXP, and FCE to RER are momentous and significant. On top of that, the study's empirical recommend to policymakers and economy politicians that a shock to FCE, FDI, and EXP leads to fluctuations in RER. Moreover, FDI and EXP appreciate local currency against USD.

The effect of oil prices on macroeconomic aggregates has always been interesting. The recent decline in oil prices has highlighted the effects of oil price shocks both in supply and demand perspective. This study investigates the impact of the oil price shocks on the South African economy using a structural Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model offered by Peersman (2005). The model was established following the economic theory, considering the short and long-term constraints—and widely cited but rarely applied in the literature.This study shows no significant effect from supply and demand shocks to the oil prices in the short-run. Furthermore, monetary policy shocks have no immediate effect on output, and demand shock has no persistent impact on GDP. An interesting result is that oil price shocks have a limited positive effect on output. The reason for this is the high density of alternative carbon-based energy sources unique to South Africa. Finally, the monetary policy shock has an impact on all variables except for output. This study's results highlight the importance of understanding the oil price movements' source since oil price shocks necessarily do not imply a positive effect on the economy. Another result of the study emphasizes the importance of inflation stabilization and the importance of managing economies' supply-side.

Massive falling of leaves in dense tree region during autumn environment often creates huge collection of waste each year. To maintain and manage a clean environment, it is necessary to collect the dried leaf waste regularly at rapid intervals. In order of claiming this, it is very essential to development a leaf falling simulator using objective detection principle that measures the size of the leaf, color and other relevant features for efficient feature selection, detection and collection of waste. In order to accommodate these three tasks, the study uses a machine learning detection that essentially identifies the leaves based on input datasets. The study considers various input features like size of the leaf, color, falling rate of a dried leaf and moment of inertia. These features are utilized for detecting the falling leaves and providing the input for clearing the leaf waste in that region. The experiments are conducted to test the real-time applicability of the model against various trees and in different regions.

This study investigates the role of circumstances and efforts in determining the income differences of individuals by using household-level data from the second wave of Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted in Punjab province of Pakistan. Education and work experience of the individuals have been used as proxy of efforts while education, region of residence, and wealth status of individuals’ fathers are used to indicate circumstances. Three different models have been used to estimate the effects of efforts and circumstances upon incomes of the individuals. The first model estimates the effects of indicators of efforts upon income of the individuals while the second model estimates the effects of indicators of circumstances upon income of individuals. The third model combines the indicators of efforts and circumstances into one equation and estimates their effects on individuals’ incomes.To cope with the possible problem of endogeneity and omitted variable bias, Monte Carlo simulation bootstrapping technique with 500 iterations has been used. The results show that both efforts and circumstances play an important role to determine income of the people in the province of Punjab.Education and working experience of individuals are positively and significantly related with their earnings. Similarly variables related with circumstances (father’s education, father’s region of residence and father’s wealth status) have also been found to be significantly related with income of individuals.

Among other social effectiveness constructs, political skill has attained more prominence in organizational psychology. The political skill helps the managers to cope up with workplace challenges and cultivating a healthy work environment.The study made an attempt to investigate the role of managers’ political skill in performing compassion behavior towards others with the mediating role of interpersonal trust.The data was gathered from the sample of 219 managers serving in banks of Pakistan. Political skill inventory scale, dispositional positive emotion subscale for compassion and interpersonal trust scale were used to measure the constructs.The results revealed a partial mediation of interpersonal trust using process macro. Political skill helps the management to develop trust in coworkers and being more efficient and vigilant in feeling, noticing and responding the pain of coworkers by showing a compassionate behavior. The politically skilled individuals can be placed in the positions where there is more of a social interaction hence providing an edge to excel and work for the betterment of organization and colleagues.

Pakistan economy is experiencing a biggest trade deficit of history amounting $2.683 billion, hyperinflation, highest rate of unemployment, negative growth rate ticking around -0.2% to -0.4% and US dollar hanging around Rs.160.36. Governments within any state or country are entitled to make most important decisions to run the day to day affairs which affects the lives of people.The policy of currency devaluation exchange rate has been adopted by many countries to shift patterns spending to achieve high levels of production of exportable goods. However along with increasing demand of exportable goods money devaluation has the tendencies of improving trade bills, balancing trade deficits as well but with certain implications. What these implications are and how these effect macroeconomic indicators discussed in this paper. Two variables (Money Devaluation independent variable and Macroeconomic indicators dependent variables) are incorporated to study the cause and effect of the two. Different statistical tools like, Reliability statistics, Regression analysis (ANOVA & Model Summary), Coeffecients and Correlation analysis have been to statistically prove the validity of survey study and it’s generalized acceptability.

This paper analyses the Bitcoinblockchain selfish-mine strategy. A colluding group of miners could use this tactic to earn more than their fair share of mining profits and thereby forcefully join other honest men in decreasing the variance of their revenues and making their revenues more stable for months. It is a very dangerous dynamic that could enable the disbelieving mining body, accumulating news adherents' forces and manipulating the entire network, to enter the majority. Given that information spread between two miners in the network is not negligible and is accompanied by a normally distributed midway distribution proportional to the physical gap between the two miners, and by a permanent variance, regardless of other people's delays, we show that the success or failure of the attack on the selfish mines can not be assured due to uncertainty.

In the world of higher education, it is important to improve the technology of development of social activity in the professional activity of students on the basis of cultural values, to create tools to support social activity and initiative of students, to improve the system of development of student social activity, to improve effective pedagogical mechanisms based on professional, cultural and communicative is doing.

The article reveals the results of an experiment conducted at the bases of the Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Andijan State University and Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute. The experiment took place within the framework of the dissertation research on the topic of "The Methodology for the formation of linguo-methodological competences of future primary school teachers", where B. Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Goals was chosen as a diagnostic and corrective tool.

This article describes the culture of communication in Korean and the national traditions adopted in Korean society as well as address words. Without communication, it is impossible to imagine the development of a person, his socialization, the formation of an individual as a person, his relationship with society. Communication is also a special need. As the Polish psychologist E. Melibruda said, interpersonal relations are as important to us as air. In infancy and adolescence, communication is embodied as an activity that directly affects leadership, that is, the formation of new psychological characteristics. Communication is a multifaceted process of developing connections between people, arising from the need for cooperation. Communication involves the exchange of information between cooperators. This takes into account the communicative aspect of the relationship. When people enter into a relationship, they turn to language first. Another aspect of communication is the interaction of interlocutors - the exchange of not only words, but also actions in the speech process.

This article discusses the concept of relevance in civil and commercial procedural law and analyzes its relationship with such legal categories as competence, jurisdiction and jurisdiction, which are semantically close to each other. The author’s jurisdiction is to determine which public authority or official or non-governmental body (arbitration court, mediator) is authorized by law to consider and resolve claims or other legal issues arising from the legal relationship, and to determine the competence, jurisdiction and judicial institutions. it is concluded that it is an interdisciplinary procedural institution that differs in its legal nature and essence.

This article discusses methods for achieving high efficiency in foreign language teaching. And also article provides solid advice for learning foreign languages. The methodology of teaching by age category is also analyzed, an individual approach is recommended, the psychological preparedness of the teacher, the need for verbal and visual aids when teaching a foreign language. Mastering a foreign language is a certain stage in the formation of a personality from a pedagogical point of view. The article also examines national traditions, views of the educators of the East and West on the problems of learning foreign languages.

This article discusses the following issues, such as the fact that Japan is the easternmost border in the Great Turan region, the map of Turan drawn by the famous scholar Maḥmūd al-Kāšġarī, the ancient original name of Japan Jabarqa and its meaning “land”, the current name of Japan Jiben (Neppon) about the creation of Europeans. It is also known that the ancient inhabitants of Japan migrated from Central Asia and Southeast Asia to the present islands, the commonality of the remains of a Buddhist temple found in the ruins of the ancient city of Ayritom on the banks of the Amu Darya with temples in Japan, that the Japanese people were ethnically descended from the Ayns (Aynli, Aynli) who are still preserved in the Turkic peoples, and that the Ayns who remained in Central Asia were assimilated into the Kutchi and Kangrat tribes, the fact that the Uzbek kutchi tribes logo is circular in shape and is associated with the circular symbolism of the sun on the Japanese flag, the division of the Aynli into October and Karaton, the places where the Aynli now live in Uzbekistan, the regions associated with the name chiya (sakura) are reported to have preserved some lexical units peculiar to the Turkic languages in Japanese. In turn, the history of Uzbek-Japanese relations dates back to ancient times, the spread of Buddhism in Japan, Nisi Tokudziro, a Japanese traveler, wrote a book called “Turkestan Travelogue”; Japanese researchers Yasumashi Fukushima, Kazuo Otani, Masaji Inoue and Zuicho Toshibana visited our country; In the field of education, the teacher Itaro Kumatsu wrote textbooks for the Japanese “Uzbek language” (1978), “Uzbek conversation” (1983), “Uzbek-Japanese dictionary” (1980, 1985), it commented that the funds allocated by the Japanese government for Uzbekistan and soft loans are spent on the development of our country. The necessary scientific conclusions were drawn from the above data.

Some aspects of multidimensional oeuvre of one of the prominent representatives of Uzbek national literature, scientific and public figure, an outstanding scientist-literature scholar, translator and publicist, Uzbekistan hero Ozod Sharafiddinov are discussed in this article. Special attention paid to his works, which focus on social and political life of the country, in particular, issues on religion, language, spirituality and thinking, culture of lection and other issues, as well as his translations of unique pieces of work of the world literature. The article entails specific features of the scientists’ works, his individual style, critical perspectives and best practices of translation. Special attention is given to the publicity of Ozod Shafafiddinov, where pertinent issues of country’s social life are reflected. Confessions of the fellow men as well as students about the talented scientist are given in the article.

This article analyzes the trends of development of higher education in Uzbekistan in the context of globalization and the creation of modern higher education institutions, and also considers structural changes in this area as a result of gradual reforms. The participation of leading foreign universities and international organizations in advanced training and in the training of highly qualified personnel in Uzbekistan, is also viewed in the article. The causes of the emerged problems and the shortcomings in the development of higher education, including the training of highly qualified personnel, are reflected.

This article analyzes the level of study of the religious image of Msvarounnahr in the IX-XII centuries. From the 8th century onwards, the number of such categories and groups as Qadariyya, Jabriya, Jahmiya, Mutaziliyya, and Rafidiyyah, which began to appear in Islam, increased in the late ninth and first half of the tenth centuries. These groups were widespread throughout the Islamic world, especially in Central Asia. Their emergence, meaning, and impact on socio-political processes have been extensively covered in the studies of Wilfred Madelung [22], Melchert Christopher [25], Ahmet Karamustafa [19], Akiner Shirin [2], Muhammad Mansur Ali [27], Aiyub Palmer [31] and other scholars. A general conclusion from their work is that Mavarounnahr, or modernly speaking, Central Asia is described as a region where hadith scholars (Ahl al-hadith), Hanafiism, and Moturidism flourished. These scholars also noted that the areas that embodied some of the features of Sufism (malamatiya, karramiya, etc.) were also closely related to Islamic sects. It is written that the representatives of hadith, Hanafi and Moturidi fought against groups that misrepresented religious issues. There are also a number of studies [49] on the differences between the views of the Ahl al-Hadith and the Hanafi (in some literatures Abu Hanifa is mentioned as a representative of the Ahl al-Ray [8]). According to Khalid Blankinship and Ira Lapidus, in the tenth century, the Samarkand scholar al-Moturidi created the doctrine of moturidia, which combines only the positive aspects of various conflicting directions [6][20]. In other words, Imam al-Moturidi further developed the theory founded by Abu Hanifa, the founder of the Hanafi school, and based the Qur'an and hadiths on groups such as Jahmiyyah, Qaramit, Rafidiyyah, Murjiyyah, and Karramiyyah, which undermined the purity of Islam and misinterpreted religious issues. The work we are analyzing aims to study the research on Hanafi, Ahl al-Hadith and other groups that were widespread in Central Asia, and to determine their main directions.

In fact, the emotive potential of the language is high and polysemy is a great advantage to a language, so the article illustrates the structural and functional features of polysemy in translation, differences and similarities in the usage; classification of polysemy in the Uzbek and English languages. The paper deals with also the problems of translation of polysemy in both languages by using comparative and contrastive analysis of observation.

This article discusses the issue of improving the quality of foreign language teaching through the introduction of non-traditional teaching methods in higher education institutions. Quality of education - determines the state and outcome of the educational process in society, as well as the formation and development of professional, domestic and civic competence of the individual in accordance with the needs and requirements of society. The quality of education is assessed by indicators that describe various aspects of the educational activity of the educational institution. These indicators include the content of education, forms and methods of teaching, material and technical base, staffing, etc., which ensure the development of students' competencies. The quality of education in higher education is a multifaceted, multi-level concept related to the indicators, goals and objectives of the education model, as well as specific standards of the education system, educational institutions, curricula and disciplines. This article makes effective use of the latest research on non-traditional teaching methods.

In the higher education environment, tracking and analyzing student learning outcomes by subject is one approach to improving student learning outcomes in the next subjects. Large universities using the course management system could provide stakeholders with comprehensive assessments and data to review and assess student learning outcomes. There seems to be little such research at small- and medium institutions, in any case. This research suggests a simple method to design a dashboard that can be used by faculty and other university stakeholders to evaluate the learning outcomes of each subject. By using the information from the dashboards, useful advice and assistance are given to students. The most significant of this study is demonstrated a simple method to creating a meaningful dashboard. A score sheet is a unique input, and any faculty or staff can do it. A case study on a university in Vietnam also uses to illustrate management implications and development direction.

Big data is huge amount of information that cannot be handled with conventional method.In various fields, the field of big data has an essential role to play.This research investigated that the Big Data Usage Intention of listed companies in Sri Lanka, is to provide empirical evidence concerning the Big Data Usage Intention of listed companies. Data were collected using survey and market research techniques in listed companies in CSE. For this purpose, descriptive, correlation, and multiple regression analysis was employed.
In many fields of business and management, Big Data Analysis (BDA) is an emerging technology. Factors affecting the organizational intention to use this technology do not focus on extensive research. In order to fully exploit its advantages and therefore to study it, organizations should take it in a full and profound level. This research, based on the TOE, proposes and examines the determinants which influence the adoption of the BDA in the context of companies from Sri Lanka. There is large collection of data from 96 organizations, which helps us to understand the influences on the use of big data.

This study focused on the belief that followers assess the emotional sincerity of their leaders andconsequently, it affects to followers’ perceived trust and their behaviors.It identified the key role of leaders’ emotional sincerity towards followers’’ outcomes (leaders integrity, quality relationship and trust in leaders).This studyproposed a theoretical model on the basis of underpinning theory and empirical evidence. On the basis of literature support and underpinning theories, it is proposed that followers’ perceived emotional sincerity may a significant predictor andsignificantly influence to their leaders’ integrity and relationship quality. Moreover, leaders’ integrity and relationship quality (between leaders and followers) may affect followers’ trust in their leaders. Future studies may empirically test this model to gain insight understanding regarding the role of leaders’ emotional sincerity to shape the followers’ behaviors.

Taliban uprising in Swat followed by military operations and floods severely damaged the tourism industry of Swat. Skiing festival in Malamjabba and Aman Festival in Kalam were instrumental in bringing tourists back to Swat in post conflict scenario. The study focused on the contribution of Skiing at MalamJabba in revival of tourism and post conflict peace building. Mixed method approach was used to collect data from fifty respondents that included tourists, tourism service providers and representatives of relevant stake holders from government and private organizations. Questionnairs followed by in depth interviews were used to collect the data. Findings of the study indicated that skiing played a very important role in the revival of tourism. Most of the tourist whose primary motivation was skiing at Malamjabbaalso visited or had intentions to visit other areas of Swat. Local communities are engaged in the industry at different levels constituting about 91 percent of the total labor force. Winter sports and increasing range of tourism products means increasing tourist season in the area that provides sustainable source of livelihoods for local community. Engagement of youth in sports and income generating activities provides an important tool for the peace building in the area.

The purpose of this investigation is to determine the multidisciplinary factors that impact
on green banking practices in the banking industry in Sri Lanka. The study is carried out
by establishing relevant variables to measure the economic factors, management support,
customer pressure, competitor pressure, environmental concern and its extend of impact
on practices of green banking. Data were collected from 300 staff of selected bank
branches using a structured questionnaire to carry out the study. Five variables are
considered for the research framework of this study which is namely, economic factors,
competitor pressure, customer pressure, management support and environmental concerns
which are used to measure the multidisciplinary factors and its impacts on green banking
practices in Sri Lankan banking industry. Findings of the research show that economic
factors, competitor pressure, management support and environmental concerns have high
impacts while a moderate level of influence was noted for customer pressure on the
adoption of green banking practices. Hypothesis testing shows a positive relationship
between economic factors, management support, competitor pressure and environmental
concerns while customer pressure did not show a positive relationship against green
banking practices in Sri Lankan banks

Sentiment analysis has become an important research area that aims to understand people's opinions by analyzing a large size of information. There are two types of sentiment analysis methods: those based on the lexicon and those based on Machine Learning algorithms. Although there are many proposals related to sentiment analysis, there is still a great margin for improving results. The objective of this work is to identify the current state of the latest research related to the analysis of feelings, making use of a framework for the systematic review of the literature, in order to answer the following research questions: RQ1 What are the types of methods used for sentiment analysis? RQ2 What kind of data sources are used to perform sentiment analysis? A crossover analysis of the results was performed. One of the results showed that the most used classifier was Naïve Bayes. Besides, most of the works reviewed used texts extracted from microblogs, web pages, E-Commerce, and other data sources, to perform sentiment analysis.

This research aims to investigate relationship in Interactional Justice, Personality and Counterproductive Work Behavior. It was hypothesized that an association would exist among Interactional Justice (Interpersonal and Informational Justice), Personality (Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism and Openness to Experience) and Counterproductive Work Behavior. The sample consisted of police officers (n=209) selected from Lahore using non-probability purposive sampling technique. In addition to demographic information sheet, Organizational Justice Measure (Colquitt, 2001), The Big Five Inventory (BFI-10) (Rammstedt & John, 2007) and Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist (Spector, 2006) were used to assess the relationship. The data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment correlation and hierarchal multiple regression analysis using SPSS version 20. The present study indicated that Interactional Justice i.e., (Interpersonal & Informational Justice) had a negative correlation with Counterproductive Work Behavior. Extraversion and Neuroticism had positive while Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Openness to Experience had a negative correlation with Counterproductive Work Behavior. Moreover, according to moderation analysis Personality trait i.e., Conscientiousness acts as a moderator with Interactional Justice (i.e., Interpersonal and Informational Justice) for Counterproductive Work Behavior. This study would be helpful and beneficial in the field of organizational psychology and in all industrial fields, in understanding the concern of employees regarding Interactional Justice (Interpersonal & Informational Justice), Personality Traits (Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism and Openness to Experience) and Counterproductive Work Behavior which would otherwise increase the employee’s determination and ultimately benefit the organization.

Today’s world capital markets are becoming closely interdependent with each other. This study tests the interdependency and long-term relationship among five Asian financial markets. The results suggest that investors can make their investment portfolio between these financial markets because risk can be diversified in these financial markets. Granger causality test result indicates SSE, HSE and BSE have interdependency on PSE, but CSE has not interdependency on PSE. PSE has not interdependency on SSE and BSE, but PSE has interdependent on HSE and CSE. Granger causality results suggest investor can get the short-run benefit for the international investment portfolio. Cointegration result indicates PSE has a long-term relationship between BSE, HSE, CSE, and SSE. The findings suggest that long-term benefit is limited.

The current study is aimed at exploring the relationship between physical work environment, sick building syndrome and mental health of factory workers. Sample of the study consisted of (N =300) men and women factory workers by using purposive sampling technique. It was hypothesized that there will likely to be a relationship between physical work environment, sick building syndrome and mental health of factory workers, Physical work environment will likely to be a predictor of mental health. Further it was hypothesized that Sick building syndrome will be a mediator between physical work environment, and mental health of factory workers. Other hypothesis was that Female will likely to be higher on physical work environment, sick building syndrome and mental health than males. Descriptive statistics were calculated to assess means, standard deviations and frequencies of the variables. Pearson product moment correlation was used to find out relationship among work environment, sick building syndrome and mental health and hierarchical regression was used for prediction. The mediating role of variables was assessing through Process Macro. Independent sample t test was used to analyses the gender differences among study variables. Physical Work Environment Scale (PWES) (Erikson, 1999), Sick building Syndrome Survey Questionnaire (SBSSQ) (Israeli & Pardo, 2011), and Subjective well-being Scale (SWBS) (Stone & Christopher, 2013) were used for assessment. The result indicated that Physical Work environment had a negative relationship with sick building syndrome and mental health of factory workers. Indoor air quality had a negative relationship with mental health of factory workers. All the other dimensions of physical work environment (Lighting, ergonomics and acoustics) had a positive relationship with mental health of factory workers. Physical Work environment had a positive predictor of mental health of factory workers. Sick building syndrome had a negative predictor of mental health of factory workers. Demographic variables (age, gender, family system, number of children, region) were predictor of mental health. Sick building syndrome had a mediator between physical work environment and mental health of factory workers. Sick building syndrome had a mediator between dimension of physical work environment (indoor air quality, ergonomics and lighting) and mental health of factory workers. Females were high on physical work environment, sick building syndrome and mental health than male. This research can provide help for managers understanding multi dimensions of environment of work and impact of dimensions on employee for job satisfaction. This research can also understand the work environment of employees. It helps organizations to create effective work environment.

Financial Literacy level across various nations has substantial effects on how the decisions are taken, and research has shown that financial illiteracy is widespread among various developed countries and even worse in developing countries.
This paper seeks to understand the relationship and the impact of level of financial literacy on the household decision making of the urban working population residing in cities in a developing country like India.
The research paper will also take into account the determinant that largely, is the prime factor of the study i.e. gender gap that prevails by establishing the correlation between the two factors.
Household savings and investment are significantly affected by how decision-making power is allocated between women and men. In particular, when intra-household financial decisions are made by women, savings and investment are often greater and repayment of debt is more likely.
A detailed analysis will be carried out on the factors affecting and evaluate the association between the gender stereotypes and the gap that exists.
The paper would also throw light on the current level of financial literacy that exists between the two genders and then estabilish a correlation between gender gap and financial literacy level in the area subject to be researched upon.

The current research is designed for analyzing the impact of the financial leverage on performance of the Islamic Banks in the countries of Asian region. The research study comprises of the population of Islamic Banks from Asian region. The data of twenty five Islamic banks from Asian economies for the time period (2010 -2019) is used, and this data have been retrieved from the Thomson Reuters Data Stream. Researcher has used latest version of E-views for analyzing the data of current study. Data analyses are performed by applying the tests like Descriptive Statistics, Correlation Analysis, Common Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model, Likelihood Test, Random effect Model and Hausman Test.
Current study used the fixed effect regression model. Findings of current study showed significant and positive impact of Leverage on Islamic Banks performance in Asian Region. In the light of results and findings it is analyzed that financial leverage has positive and significant association for ROA in the presence of control variables (Bank Size and Bank Efficiency).It is clear indication from findings that the high financial leverage increases the performance of Islamic banks in Asian countries. The result of the research study is not having supporting the Agency Cost Theory. According to Agency Cost Theory when there is increase in the equity of banks this will have negative outcomes for firm value. The results of current research work are providing strong evidence in support of the Signaling Theory. Signaling theory describes that if there is higher capital then the performance of the banks will be much better. The findings revealed that financial leverage is on the level in Islamic 

The study is designed to determine the effects of financial leverage on banks performance, further this study is based on the Islamic banks in the Asian region. The data of twenty-five Islamic Banks are chosen from Asian countries and data collected for the study is for time period (2010 -2019), and data collection was done by accessing Thomson Reuters Data Stream. Latest version of E-views is used for analyzing the data of current study. Descriptive Statistics, Correlation Analysis, Common Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model, Likelihood Test, Random effect Model and Hausman Test, are used in data analysis of the current study. Researcher used the fixed effect regression model.
Results of current study revealed positive impact of Leverage on performance of Islamic Banks operating their businesses in Asian Region. Further results showed positive impact for Islamic banks performance (ROE) in the presence of control variables (Bank Size and Bank Efficiency). Findings also revealed the high financial leverage increases the performance of Islamic banks in Asian countries. The results are opposite to the thematic approach of Agency Cost Theory. Agency Cost Theory is describing that when there is increase in the equity of banks this will have negative outcomes for firm value. However, Signaling Theory is fully supporting the results of the current study. According to Signaling Theory, if there is higher capital then the performance of the banks will be much better. In current research it is found that financial leverage is on the level in Islamic Banks that totally depends upon the flexibility ratio for the adjustment of the value of debt and their power of earning.

The main objective of the study was to identify the factors, especially related to logistics, that contribute the most to product returns from retail pharmacy market back to distributers and manufacturers. From literature search the mostly emphasized three logistical factors namely Customer Service (CS), Inventory and Storage (IS) and Transportation were picked to study their impact on Returns (RE). This study was conducted for the retail pharmacy market of Pakistan. Data was collected through a close ended questionnaire by a small team of enumerators. A total of 161 valid responses from a sample of 370 pharmacies, picked randomly, were received and analyzed through SPSS. The analysis indicated that CS and IS are significant contributors for the return of medicines (RE) from pharmacies to wholesalers or distributors. Role of TR was not very significant in the sample picked for this research.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the training level program on environmental awareness of students with different socioeconomic statuses in Northern Border University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in relation to Vision 2030. Efforts to expand the depth and scope of environmental training level programs that help students in the university to connect with nature often depend on the preparation and development of skilled environmental training. However, the effect of professional development on aspiring environmental training teachers has not been adequately explored.

This article presents the results of the adsorptive purification of fatty acids from dyes by the obtained clay adsorbents. It was determined that phospholipids, which are classified as nonionic surfactants, exhibit the highest sorption activity. On the contrary, gossypol and its derivatives show the least. An intermediate position is occupied by palmitic and linoleic acids, which are found in large quantities in cotton soap stock. It was found that the sorption activity of phospholipids with an increase in the temperature of the process of purification of fatty acids in cotton soap stock are arranged in the following order of decreasing:
phosphatidylcholines>phosphatidylserines>phosphatidylethanolamines>phosphatidic acids, etc.

The article deals with the behavior of the most important cationic elements, which directly affect the processes of bacterial oxidation of sulfide ores. These are iron, calcium, selenium, arsenic, various modifications of sulfur. In addition to this, data are presented on the appearance of new compounds that promote the dissolution of precious metals, which are selenites, thiosulfates, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. The main physical and chemical parameters of the studied samples of the bacterial oxidation chain are determined. Possible transformations of the main minerals are established. The tables and figures provide information about changes in the concentration of the main elements during bacterial oxidation. the reasons for changes in the concentration and appearance of new minerals are discussed. The questions of the behavior of organic carbon, the possibility of its activation and the ability to absorb noble metals are covered.

This article raises the problem of studying the thermal and physical processes that take place in solar fruit dryers. Technological processes related to the quality of dried fruits in dryers were studied.

The role and importance of music in educating young people in the spirit of high humanistic ideals are discussed in the article.

This paper argues the frequency of the usage of the culture in the English philosophy as, in effect cultural stratum, with heuristic value. There is a generally sound rule which supports conditions in appropriate contexts, though these rules are enhanced with the fact that the notion of culture has underwent rapid transformation in the beginning of the 21st century.

In this article, the process of using effective methods and designing engineering graphics in the teaching of Sciences for the purpose of wide application of geometrical patterns of Central Asian scientists of 9-15th centuries in the fields of National Art and architecture and the basis of girikh patterns, application of several methods in modern architecture, construction and restoration is analysed.

Job satisfaction is a very important factor among the employees of Public Universities. Job satisfaction is considered an internal principle created by various elements found within a work environment. Due to the influence of various items on job satisfaction, educational organizations should be conscious of implementing the right leadership styles. However, the lack of attention given to this organizational behavior has led to the rise of abnormal reactions among employees. Thus, the current paper focused on the essential role of leadership styles in improving job satisfaction among the employees of Public Universities. Substantial attention should be dedicated to the precise leadership style practiced in an organization. In the same way, specific leadership styles, as external factors, have an important impact on the job satisfaction of employees at Public Universities, because these styles can improve the employees' commitment to the organizations. This initiative involves enhancing satisfaction among employees and finding an effective leadership style, which is one of the main components of improving educational organizations.

The global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created an incredibly difficult business climate. Businesses are presented with many new challenges as international borders close, brick-and-mortar businesses shut their doors, and people are told to isolate at home. Many companies face temporary or even permanent closure, with staff facing months of financial uncertainty and concerns. Consumer behavior has been forced to immediately change on a massive scale. People in isolation or under lockdown cannot perform their usual routines, because local shops have been forced to close their doors for safety reasons. Concerns about the availability of goods have encouraged panic buying of items in bulk. Financial uncertainty and the prospect of a severe and long-term recession make for a stark backdrop, which has led to an impact on consumer outlook, perceptions, and behaviors.
Around the world, businesses that continue to operate seek the best ways to cope with the prevailing trading conditions and the best ways to adapt their strategies. However, no definite recommendation can be given, because the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented. Hence, circumstances are changing fluidly on a daily basis. Defining a strategy now is difficult due to limited evidence or precedent to base assumptions on. Possible business and economic outcomes could be gauged by looking at data from countries that first suffered from the effects of COVID-19. Despite no guarantee that other countries will follow the same trajectory, an analysis of these countries can reveal useful patterns and insights.
This research attempts to explore the impacts of the extent of COVID-19 on the e-commerce firms in Saudi Arabia, where the five largest e-commerce firms in the Saudi Arabia were chosen in terms of incomes and market value, This research tests that e-commerce raised due to coronavirus.

Having the consideration of learning is a continuous effort put into the development of human capital and talent development for organizations of all kinds, scholarly interest in learning organization has consistently increased in the past decade due to its potential to create and disseminate valuable knowledge to enhance innovative performance and sustainable organizations. Knowing the increasing research in this field, this article analyzes and reports on various types of published works related to learning organizations. This study adopted a bibliometric analysis based on the data obtained from Scopus database as at date 24 January 2021. Keywords through search string are utilised for the search results and found 1,671 valid documents for further analysis. Authors have employed VOSviewer for data visualization purpose, Harzing Publish Or Perish and R for standard bibliometric indicators, particularly on the growth rate of publications, analysis of the citation, and research productivity. Findings revealed analysis of document type, source type, top language used, subject area, research trend, top countries, top influential institutions, most productive authors, most active source, top keywords used, and citation analysis. As this study is only using one of the major databases, Scopus, hence, there is a limitation in the search results. Another limitation is in the case where authors are having few registrations in the same database which will affect the accuracy of the productivity in authorship and affiliation details. In this paper, we identify future research directions and future research agenda in learning organization.

Gender influence on research competency, though important, is less explored compared with other academic disciplines. This study aimed to compare both genders in their perceived level of research competency. The study utilized a descriptive-status research design which employed a validated survey questionnaire administered digitally all over the Philippines from October to November 2020. Participated in by 1, 220 participants from 9 regions and 27 provinces in the Philippines, the study revealed that both genders consider themselves as ‘Highly Competent’ in research, with the female respondents more competent than the male respondents in terms of writing. Findings revealed areas of strength and weaknesses in research instruction and national and international implications for these findings were noted. The authors recommended several measures to address these issues.

Today, the replenishment of the vocabulary of our national language, the creation of Uzbek alternatives to modern terms in medicine, the creation of their electronic versions, the development of problems of linguistics and the study of language, personality, social relations in medicine are topical. To enrich the vocabulary of Uzbek terminology, coverage of terms using nominatives, providing meaningful explanations filling inappropriate medical terms with unique medical nominations, widespread use of the native language in their creation serve to develop and perfect the Uzbek language.

This article analyzes the role and place of library and information institutions in the formation of a culture of reading. Information on the formation of a culture of reading and information culture around the world, its importance in the life of society is published with different approaches. All this is due to a person's interest in various fields of knowledge and the ability to quickly find and learn what is necessary for him in the flow of information, as well as to meet their needs

Construction industry is the most hazardous as it is labour intensive in nature. Labourers suffer a lot due to hard labour and erogenous tasks. Hence health, safety and productivity is affected. This study tries to examine the relationship between health, safety and productivity. The respondents included contractors and labourers in various construction sites such as residential projects, irrigation infrastructures, industrial shed, and commercial buildings. A methodological triangulation such as questionnaires, semi- structured interviews and field visit were done. Using SPSS, multiple regression was used for the study. The major finding proved that health does not influence labour productivity and safety does influence labour productivity. The study concludes with major recommendations to be followed by the management.

In the past century the process of urbanisation over the globe reaches at its peak. Urbanisation brings changes to the fabric of socio economic structures of cities. Cities are the main hubs of economic activities and are being urbanized rapidly. But the question arises here to what extent urban growth pattern in a certain city is sustainable.
The idea of ’sustainable development' of cities was addressed in Agenda 21 of Earth Summit which aims at providing city planning strategies to achieve sustainability in development pattern. In 1986 Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi constituted the National Commission on Urbanisation which was followed by passage of 74th Constitution Amendment Act (CAA) in 1992.
Guwahati is one of the fastest growing city of North East Region of India. Guwahati is experiencing steep rise in population in the past few decades. It also possess potentials of connecting the Southeast and South Asian Nations which brings into notice the importance of its development which must be sustainable in nature for the decades to come.
The main aim of this study is to develop Urban Sustainability Index (USI) of Guwahati city. Through USI we will check the state of sustainability in urban growth pattern of the city .USI is measured in quantitative unit taking the relevant information on three indicators viz. economic, environmental and social .Comparing the information with best and poor threshold values of most and poor sustainable regions of the world (London and Shanghai respectively) we will get the relative indicators. Finally a composite indicator will give us the value of USI. The value of USI will be lying between the range of 0 to 1 indicating 1 is best and 0 is worse sustainable condition.

Modern states realize their legitimacy and the monopoly of legitimate use of force through the judiciary. Citizens' trust in the state is directly related to their trust in the judiciary. In countries that have adopted the rule of law and democracy, the citizens' lack of trust in the judiciary causes many problems. In this context, in modern and democratic countries, it is of great importance to understand the trust of the citizens in the judiciary and the factors that affect this, and to determine the level of belief that justice is impartially, independently and quickly established. The results of the study on the trust of citizens in the judiciary at various times in Turkey show that the decrease of trust in the judiciary and shows that it is at very low levels. The aim of this study was to determine the level of trust in the judiciary in Turkey. In the study, it is tried to measure the trust of the citizens in the judiciary and their perceptions and attitudes on this issue. In this context, “What is the trust level of citizens in the judiciary? What factors affect citizens' trust in the judiciary?” answers to such questions are sought. The study aims to determining the trust of citizens in the judiciary and Turkey in line with a survey was carried out in order to determine the factors affecting it.

The study confronted the notable decline in the number of microfinance institutions in Zimbabwe over the past two decades and the persistent poor financial performance trend charaterising the microfinance sub-sector, attributing the phenomenon to credit risk. Identifying how credit risk impacts financial performance of microfinance institutions and to examine the efficacy of strategies and tools microfinance institutions use when managing credit risk was the main aim of this study . Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used to gather data from 12 microfinance institutions with relatively the biggest branch networks in Zimbabwe. The study established that credit risk, as measured through portfolio at risk (PAR) in microfinance institutions in Zimbabwe is mostly attributed to asymmetric information. The study also established that credit risk, which is managed through a combination of methods, mainly dynamic incentives, loss forecasting and group lending, negatively impacts financial performance and the subsequent economic sustainability of MFIs in Zimbabwe. The study recommends the implementation of credit scoring as a method of managing credit risk as it enables matching of products on offer with the specific individual client characteristics and risk profile. In light of the prevailing economic conditions, and the inherent absence of colleterals and guarantees to secure loans, the study informs current and potential industry player on the impact of credit risk management strategies being employed, and suggestcredit scoring as a strategy that can potentially go a long way towards enhancing the most desired economic sustainability of MFIs in Zimbabwe

Social media has made as the depicting plan in the most recent decade and keeps adjusting correspondence and connection between people, frameworks, government and business. Bosses and supporters are grapping with the basic effect of the quickly pushing social media on viral customer conveyed substance, and its effect on surrounding consumer affirmations and the steadily changing scenes for the creation business cases to proactively connect with associates. The effect of social media on marketing from brand building, exchanges and raising to customization and customer obligation. The ascent of the Internet and Social media specifically into the more extensive cultural setting, which happened simultaneously with the progression ihn and well known reception of data innovation.

This research focused on explaining the role of the value of strategic openness in enhancing the core capabilities, and the aim of answering it was to elucidate the theoretical and philosophical implications of these variables, and this research falls into two main parts: the first part included the research methodology, and theoretical approaches to the research variables and their exclusion, while the second part presented Analytical framework for research hypotheses, conclusions and recommendations. The study sample represented a group of workers in educational institutions in Iraq (University of Baghdad, University of Tikrit, University of Mosul), by examining the influence and correlation relationships between research variables, and the descriptive analytical approach was adopted, as well as selecting a sample of (216) workers. By adopting the questionnaire as a measurement tool, and the data were processed through the statistical program (SPSS) to prove the validity of the research hypotheses related to the influence and correlation between the two research variables, and the use of multiple regression coefficient and correlation coefficient as statistical methods. The most important conclusions reached by the research in the theoretical and field framework, the most important of which is the achievement of a positive moral correlation between the combined strategic openness and the combined core capabilities of the educational institutions under discussion in terms of their variables according to the value of the correlation coefficient at the macro level. Based on the findings of the research, the research presented some recommendations, the most important of which is the need for officials in educational institutions to focus on paying attention to the concept and value of strategic openness.

This article describes the technological features of walnut cultivation in Uzbekistan, evaluates the possibility of introducing cost-effective agro-technologies in the production process. The authors recommend an evaluation method, emphasizing the need for an economical evaluation of each economical agrotechnology. Resource-saving technologies can be selected in terms of its cost-effectiveness.

The article examines such problems as the theoretical aspects of the emergence of free economic zones and their role in the economy of the state, the formation of free economic zones, the features of the emergence and development of tax regimes, free economic zones as a category in the economy and their need for the development of the country. The article provides an analysis of domestic, their development of free economic zones and the existing tax regime, an analysis of the legal framework for the creation and functioning of free economic zones, as well as an analysis of the economic indicators of enterprises - participants in free economic zones and the tax incentives they use.

The article analyzes the mechanism of the effective application of tax and customs benefits while mitigating the negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic and global crisis on the economy, social support of the population, stimulation of economic sectors and business entities.

This research aims to propose a priority site for biodiversity conservation in the region of
Huancavelica - Peru, using the methodology of fine filtering through the analysis of
biodiversity, delimiting the proposal area, identifying the objects of conservation, sources
of pressure, and threats of ecological processes; and zoning according to the legal
regulations of SERNANP. Using digital tools such as ArcMap, Google Earth, SASPlanet,
Microsoft Excel, and state geoportals such as SERNANP, MINAM, and IUCN. Besides
suggesting a conservation area in Huancavelica, the study aims to stimulate research in
the design of natural protected areas (NPA) in the country with the ultimate goal of
conserving biodiversity, allowing better management of natural resources. The results
show that the priority site would be located within the provinces of Castrovirreyna and
Huancavelica with an area of 179 227.92 ha, identified 6 objects of conservation of
cultural, natural and ecosystem aspects, among the sources of pressure, is the sustainable
agricultural expansion, the development of road infrastructure projects, mining or other
liabilities in which there is a change of land use and poaching and indiscriminate.

In this article the author elaborates on the construction and development of Remote
Working, Employee Engagement, Job Satisfaction, Psychological well-being Scales, and
the appropriated statistical methods needed to analyze the respondent’s data, reporting the
results, using secondary data, with psychological well-being as a dependent variable. The
measurement scales constructed are remote working 18 items, with 4 sub-scales; job
engagement 20 items with 5 sub-subscales, work-life balance 18 items are the independent
factors, which have a causal effect on a dependent factor psychological well-being of an
employee which has 8 items with 6 sub-scales. The reliability of the survey instrument
assessed measuring reliability statistic Cronbach alpha, construct validity, and content
validity are tested using face validity and convergent validity taking expert opinion and
factor analysis respectively. As the study is measuring six dependent variables related to the
psychological well-being of an employee, the author has used the statistical procedure
generalized linear model a multivariate multiple regression model, which allows more than
one dependent variable in the system and the results were inferences and presented. The
measured Cronbach’s alpha value indicates that the overall survey instrument was reliable
and maintained internal consistency. The results of GLM indicate statistically gender and
age differences that are influencing the psychological well-being of an employee. A notable
observation was Self-Acceptance was statistically significant and influenced by almost all
the predictor variables. The results were presented in detail and inferences provided
wherever appropriate

Deep learning based techniques are becoming popular because of its stability.
Success of voice analytics can be seen because in various applications like alexa, siri etc.
Behind the scenes main concept is to generate and analyze features so that it can be
applicable in real world. In this paper we are proposing a deep learning based pipeline for
mosquito detection. Hardware integration with software techniques will create device that
can meet need of end user. Further AI Nano Jetson and flying machine are used to
complete the end goal.

The research objective is to apply business intelligence techniques to take advantage of
an existing system's conditions and increase the low-cost capabilities in its Extract,
Transform and Load ETL processes with snapshots integrating the company's information
web services. The methodology used for the development was HEFESTO, the development
time was one week applying agile methodologies, achieving a short development with welldefined
and easy-to-understand phases; the tool was the Pentaho BI Suite. Using open
source tools, the cost was reduced through the proposed architecture with the repository
type and the DataMart with a departmental approach to the problem, increasing its
decision-making capacity.

The construction industry is an important business sector providing physical equipment and infrastructure through supply and demand patterns that have a strong indirect impact on other industries. Construction projects require materials and products from other industries such as production and buildings and infrastructure for the benefit of those industries. In terms of economic growth, the building industry is economically important and has strong ties with other segments of the economy especially an important sector of economic growth and expansion in developing countries. The capital market is one of the most important parts of the economy, that it is not covered they're important to anyone (MIR et al., 2020). Sustainable development issues are more than ever focused today on how communities view growth and the responsibility of the government to create ways to adapt to growth and to reduce the carbon footprint of human settlements. This paper has established a methodological basis for potential analysis in the construction industry with a view to the scale of application of green supply chain management in Algerian construction industry. The significance and scope of the study are explained in the paper.

Purpose of the study
This study aims at contributing to assessing the impact of corporate social responsibility communications on the loyalty of customers in the Hypermarket Industry in Kuala Lumpur. It focuses on deterioration and the lack of quality service in the hypermarket.
Design/methodology/approach
The hypotheses of the study are to recognize the relationships between variables CSR communications (corporate website, public relations, advertising, social media) and customer loyalty. Each of them was tested for study scope by regression equation using the SPSS and Smart PLS software. This study enhances its empirical validity by collecting data from 384 respondents in Kuala Lumpur of Malaysia.
Findings
Results of the statistical analysis show that acceptance of central research hypothesis the existence of a positive relationship between variables CSR communications (corporate website, public relation, advertising, social media) and customer loyalty and this means the corporate social responsibility communications in the applied hypermarket are to
understand the importance of quality services. Quality services from the hypermarket contribute to making the organization's effectiveness more positive to achieve organizational goals and improve overall performance. This results in increased customer loyalty, which requires a joint action starting from the hypermarket management to the simplest employee.
Social implications
The research has been concluded with several recommendations. The most important one is that hypermarkets must-have experiences, knowledge, and outstanding abilities to work together for the best performance by the impact on customers to make them more loyal to the hypermarket.
Originality/value
This paper establishes the role of variables CSR communications and customer loyalty for the hypermarket industry in Malaysia. Additionally, the empirical results focus on analyzing CSR's impact on customer behavior and strongly encourage hypermarkets to continue investing; CSR communication (corporate website, public relations, advertising, social media) can be strategic marketing tools to promote customer loyalty of hypermarket

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to knowledge on the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities (community support, environmentally friendly, sell locally produced products, treating employees) on customer satisfaction and loyalty (hypermarkets). This study aims to examine the influence of CSR on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty of Malaysian consumers and whether they consider CSR for hypermarket before making purchase decisions of the products and services. With the support of empirical evidence and rational arguments, a set of eleven (4) hypotheses were proposed for testing. A sample of 384 respondents loyal to hypermarket has been used to collect the data using a convenience sampling method. Data was collected from the hypermarket in Kuala Lumpur. Statistical analysis was done through SPSS for primary analysis and Smart PLS for analysis of the outer model and testing the relationships hypothesized. Findings revealed that all the hypotheses were significantly effective. The originality and value of this paper is the study of consumer-oriented CSR as a variable that allows competitive differentiation of the company, by improving the relationship with the consumers and the generation of satisfaction and loyalty. One of the major conclusions of the study is that CSR and can only yield optimal performance for the customer satisfaction and customer loyalty if it is combined with the knowledge, experiences, and outstanding abilities in the use CSR activities dimensions.

This dissertation aims to investigate and compare of ADR methods in the UK and in Australia by comparing some of the ADR methods as Arbitration, Mediation, Negotiation and Conciliation. Since, there are major differences and similarities between both of the systems in either country in terms of the time, cost, Compulsion and Voluntarism degree. AS, ADR is voluntary in the UK and compulsory in Australia there might be some advantages and drawbacks of utilizing ADR. As there is a great amount of communication locally and universally among the countries, some new kinds of problems could be made. In the manner even if the court could not be able to recover all the domestic disputes, the international disputes might arise. Therefore, government like Iraq and Kurdistan might look for the other alternatives for resolution the problems. However, this might need a good evaluation and grounds in terms of applying ADR systems. It is true that there are some other alternatives in Iraq and Kurdistan as such Sulh, Sharia and Musalaha. Nevertheless, the decision maker's award is most belonging to the religions, culture and custom rather than the law and this might not be decent most of the times for the parties.
Therefore, as ADR forms are working well in the UK and Australia. Therefore, it would be good for countries as such Iraq to use these systems for resolving their domestic and international problems. Though, mixed system of law which include Sharia and law in Iraq and Kurdistan have been enlightened. For that, some important ideas have been summarized to explain the most suitable system for applying ADR in Iraq and Kurdistan, as they do not have these methods. Likewise, some proper recommendations such as, reading ADR methods in Iraq and Kurdistan Law Schools, providing a proper ground for practicing ADR, and supporting the use of ADR by the governments has been made for the Iraq and Kurdistan governments in order to use ADR systems.

This study evaluates the football achievement development in a special sports class high
school level in Gunungkidul Yogyakarta. This study uses the CIPP (Context, Input,
Process, Product) evaluation model approach. The data were collected using interview
guidelines, observation sheets, and document study. This study's Respondents involved the
principal, the teacher in charge of implementing a special sports class, and the football
coaches. The data analysis technique used qualitative data analysis through data
triangulation. The study results reveal that in the context aspect, the implementation of a
special sports class is based on a decision letter from the Head of the District Education
Office and a decision letter from the DIY Provincial Education Office. In the input aspect,
the admission of new students for the special sports class is carried out through
administrative selection, tests of physical abilities, and sports skills. Besides, the budget for
implementing Special Sports Class still relies on sources of funds from the provincial level
Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget, School Operational Assistance, and school
committee. The condition of equipment availability is considered good, and the football
field facilities used for the training process are in category C. Also, the coach's license who
handles the sport of football is in categories B and C. In the process aspect, the time
allocation for soccer sports achievement falls into categories B, and C. Football match
trials have been carried out both by the school and the coach himself. Meanwhile, in the
product aspect, students' achievements have been achieved by students in the special sports
class at the regency level, and achievements at the provincial level are still considered
minimal.

In modern economic conditions the study of aspects of country’s innovation development stimulation on a macroeconomic level is a top priority task for researchers all over the world.
The article presents results of the research on patterns of the influence such factors as mass character, internationalization and state financing of higher education have on country’s innovation development parameters.
Conducting correlation analysis allowed for obtaining academic proofs of the fact that in modern conditions above mentioned characteristics of higher education system define innovation development of the country in general.
The first part of the article contains analytical review of the literature and identifies characteristics of higher education system the influence of which on country’s innovation development the authors consider as significant (mass character, internationalization, state financing). The second part describes the methodology of research and formulated working hypotheses. The third part is a presentation of obtained research results, whereas the fourth part contains conclusions.
Theoretical importance of the conducted research is in defining patterns in which such higher education system characteristics as mass character, internationalization and financing model influence certain parameters of innovation development, in particular, the share of hi-tech export in the overall amount of industrial export and the share of research and development costs in GDP. Obtained results can serve as the basis for researchers willing to organize and continue studying and identifying resources for innovative development on macroeconomic level.
Practical importance of the research is related to the fact that it provides opportunities for using obtained results in designing strategic development plans and programs on the level of both individual universities and regions or countries.

This study analyses the implementation of the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) Policy in Nigeria. Nigeria was selected due to the continuing increase in human trafficking and the subsequent challenges resulting from this phenomenon. The government has taken critical measures to fight human traffickers particularly by using the United Nations protection, prevention, and prosecution approach. However, the method seems to have failed in reducing the menace and the lack of coordination and communication amongst relevant organisations handling human trafficking seems to have been the main cause that have hampered the implementation of the policy. The research uses qualitative inquiry of one-on-one interviews with informants from the NAPTIP, academics and non-governmental organisations involved in combating human trafficking. The findings show that there is a need to have a well-defined task and enhanced coordination and communication amongst the relevant anti-trafficking agencies.

Every organization certainly expects success. To achieve this success, organizations need quality human resources. The Regional Development Planning Agency (BAPPEDA) of Bali Province is one of the instruments in the government structure that has a strategic role in planning regional development. Human workers or employees are the main implementers for the success of a business. The purpose of this study was to examine and confirm the relationship between the variables of organizational climate, organizational commitment, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and employee performance, at BAPPEDA Bali Province. Respondents in this study were all PNS employees at BAPPEDA Bali Province. The number of respondents in this study was determined to be 72 respondents using a sampling technique called non probability or often called total sampling. This study uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with the help of the SmartPLS program. The results of this study indicate that: 1) organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, 2) organizational climate has a negative and insignificant effect on employee performance, 3) organizational climate has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), 4) commitment organization has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, 5) organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on OCB, 6) OCB has a positive and significant effect on employee performance.

The achievement of optimal employee performance based on good behavior from individual motivation and working conditions in the organization is becoming increasingly important. This research was conducted to examine and explain the role of motivation and quality of work life (in the application of organizational citizenship behavior in the workplace, and its impact on employee performance. This research was conducted with a survey approach to employees who work at the Public Health Technical Service Unit in Tegallalang Gianyar with a sample of all employees, as many as 73 people. Data were obtained from distributing questionnaires, then analyzed using SEM with the Smart-PLS software program. The findings obtained from the results of the analysis carried out that the motivation possessed by employees at work is not able to determine the increase in employee performance at Tegallalang Gianyar Public Health Unit. However, the work motivation of employees who are able to underlie OCB can determine better employee performance. Meanwhile, the quality of work life of employees is able to directly determine the increase in employee performance. However, the quality of work life which is good and can underlie OCB turns out to be able to produce greater performance achievements of employees at the Public Health Technical Service Unit in Tegallalang Gianyar.

The purpose of this research is to make a comparison of political policies carried out by special institutions established by the governments of each country in the prevention and handling of corruption, so that the two countries can provide mutual input for the implementation of corruption handling activities in their respective countries based on statutory regulations. invitation that has existed to enhance the integrity of the country. The focus of the research is the policies of the Indonesian and Malaysian governments in the prevention of corruption eradication in their respective countries. Data collection is done by processing primary data, namely data that is carried out directly by the researcher through surveys, observation and documentation, while secondary data is carried out by researchers through magazines, newspapers, literature study whose function is to strengthen data in the previous year, either printed or electronic, so that the data can be summarized comprehensively in the required analysis. Data sources were obtained from the Corruption Eradication Commission (CEC), Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), and Indonesian Academics and Malaysian Academics. This research uses a qualitative approach. The results of this research are that in Indonesia, a complicated bureaucratic level between local and central government, the APIP (Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus) was formed, which is an organizational unit within the central government, local governments, State ministries, State institutions and non-governmental organizations. departments that have duties and functions to supervise within the scope of authority through auditing, reviewing, evaluating, monitoring, and other supervisory activities on the implementation of organizational duties and functions. This makes the level of prevention more complicated. Whereas in Malaysia the level of bureaucracy is simpler than Malaysia so that by establishing Corruption Risk Management (CRM): Corruption Risk Management (CRM), it is faster to take preventive measures against corruption. CRM is a management process designed to assist any organization in identifying structural weaknesses that could lead to corruption.

Landless peasants experience problems such as difficulty earning livelihoods, low income, economic marginalization, and poverty. Therefore, this study explored diversification of livelihoods and strengthening social cohesion among landless peasants. It focused on the villages of Baturaden and Purbalingga Wetan, Central Java Province, Indonesia, using an intrinsic case study method. The results revealed that landless peasants were experiencing social differentiation, which weakened social cohesion and made cooperation, social networks, solidarity, and collectivity tenuous. Landless peasants classified into: tenants, tenant cultivators, sharecroppers, and farm laborers. Sharecoppers and farm laborers suffered the most from weakening social cohesion and had minimal access to economic opportunities on or off farms. Farm laborers were marginalized by low wages and difficulty finding employment. Overall, the study found the need for landless peasants to diversify their livelihoods, and suggest that strengthening social cohesion is important for sharecroppers and farm laborers to achieve guaranteed livelihoods and economic security.

This study examines the determinants of the welfare of oil palm farmers in Aceh, Indonesia. The main focus of this study is on the current price of oil palm, whether it affects the level of welfare of oil palm farmers or not and what efforts the government has made to improve the farmers’ welfare. This research applies quantitative descriptive approach. The number of samples was 70 Aceh farmers in 24 districts in east Aceh. The selected famers who have been designated as farm owners and workers. The sampling technique used is judgment sampling. The research data collected by using a closed questionnaire. The results of the study found that when the price of palm oil is unstable, farmers must be able to process by-products in an effort to maintain the welfare of their families. In testing the two models, the same results were obtained, this cost could not be controlled by the farmers, especially the maintenance costs using industrial processed products such as fertilizers and pesticides. Therefore, the government must further intensify the economic empowerment programs for oil palm farmers. More programs for people are still required. During the Pandemic Covid-19, farmers only relies on the sale of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) at fluctuating prices which decreases farmers' income thus making them unable to improve their welfare.

The introduction of 4.0 Industrial Revolution has led to several changes in the policies of Indonesia concerning transportation. This is evident with the emergence of online transportation system such as Gojek and Grabcar in 2010. However, several challenges have been observed in its operations such as inappropriate regulations, competition between driver-partners, as well as negative impacts on the welfare of these driver- partners, especially due to their inability to for the cars they use for the business and these require adequate administrative policies. In order to mitigate these problems, the government formulated policies to regulate the existence of online transportation as well as the welfare of partners by making provisions for quota limits. This research was, therefore, conducted to determine the effect of this initiative using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results showed limiting online transportation quotas has the ability to increase driver's partners’ income and, consequently, improve their welfare.

The aim of the study was to uncover the impact of occupational self-efficacy and employee’s turnover intention on perceived employability and task performance relationship. A sample of 80 project managers, 130 team leaders and 190 software developers working in the information technology sector were selected from Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore and Karachi. The data collection was conducted through self-administered questionnaires and online survey. The results show that occupational self-efficacy has a positive influence on perceived employability and task performance relationship. It also reveals that occupational self-efficacy has a strong influence on perceived employability and turnover intention and turnover intention to task performance relationships. This research also indicates a stronger direct influence of occupational self-efficacy on perceived employability and task performance relationship as compared to the indirect influence of occupational self-efficacy on perceived employability to task performance via turnover intention relationship. The study suggests the importance of employee’s perceived employability to emphasize their intention to stay with the organization but it is often based on the perceive career guarantees from the organizations instead of their affection with the organization.

In the political uncertainty in Turkey, a long period from the date of the Republic, has been dominated by a severe economic and political uncertainty. During this period, certain political parties shaped our economic and political life. Voters, on the other hand, preferred political parties within certain frameworks. In traditional markets, just as various brands are effective in the preference of any good, in political markets, political parties are preferred with the brands they represent. In this context, the political brand for political markets consists of the party name. Symbols and logos are also used to reinforce this brand.

Based on the results from an empirical research, this article aims to determine on the one hand the nature of the indicators developed in dashboards of public enterprises and to verify on the other hand the link between certain contingency factors and the steering indicators developed in the dashboards of 32 Cameroonian public enterprises. The results of this research show firstly that the dashboards of public enterprises are moderately "balanced" and the commonly used indicators are financial in nature. Secondly, it is noted that only contingency factors such as size, business sector and public participation have a positive and significant link with the balance of the scoreboards of Cameroonian public enterprises.

The aim of study was to examine the impact of the operational and financial leverage on the economic performance indicators in the industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The financial reports for the financial statements of the industrial companies were collected during the period of five years 2014-2018 for the listed companies whose shares are in the Amman Stock Exchange, and the study population were 62 Industrial companies until 31st December 2018. The sample of the study population was presented by 13 companies distributed over four industrial sectors such as Tobacco and Cigarettes, Medicine and Medical Industries, Chemicals, Food and Beverages. This study depends on data processing (Panel Data) using the STATA program. The results of the study showed that the economic value-added came in a medium degree for the industrial investment companies. Meanwhile, the market value-added came as a second order, there was no statistically significant effect of the operational and financial leverage on the economic value-added and the market value-added in the Jordanian industrial companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). The Study recommended the increase of caution when using loans for financing due to the effect of increasing operational risks in industrial companies.

In this study, we intended to examine the asymmetric effect of exchange rates on demand for money in Sudan. Applying the Non-linear ARDL model to annual data for the period 1960 to 2019, using inflation, real GDP, and profit margin of Murabaha as control variables. Few studies found that test the non-linearity effect of the exchange rate on money demand in Sudan. This paper tried to fill this gap by testing the impact of the Sudanese Pound exchange rate non-linearity on the money demand in Sudan. The findings show that asymmetric effect of the exchange rate on money demand both the short run as well as long run were found. The policy implication of our results is that assuming a symmetry relationship between the exchange rate and demand for money may affect the economic planning negatively. Thus, non-linear ARDL assumes to be more suitable than the linear ARDL for examining such a relationship.

The article aims to disclose the essence of the “education quality” concept, to study the international approaches and concepts of the higher education quality evaluation, to analyze specific methods and tools within one of the approaches. Establishing education quality assessment necessitates choosing the teaching personnel of higher educational institution, as well as a target group of students and independent experts in the field of organization of the educational process, on a distance basis particularly. Monitoring requires using such methods as interviews, surveys, questionnaires, and similar. The results were processed according to the authors’ algorithm allowing to calculate the quality of education. The authors’ interpretation of the concept of “education quality” is proposed. Given the insufficient study of the topic of distance education in the domestic scientific discourse, authors’ attention to this problem is an important contribution to study of the issue of distance education. The methods used to evaluate the education quality in higher education institutions at the international level are an integral element in the development of the educational space, although they cause certain controversy and criticism. The authors advise to select the methods for evaluating the educational process quality with account of the specific evaluation stage and purpose.

The article provides an essential data about what is competence, competency and professional competences of foreign language teachers. It analyses how these terms are interconnected to one another and how they contrast. It defines variety of viewpoints of different scholars. The article presents the general and specific background about the target concepts and their contemporary worth. It is possible to identify how the theory is applied into practice in the sphere of foreign language teaching. The details are given step by step in order to clarify how the study is progressed. It creates the logical flow for the reader.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of achieving the “right to live in the city” for poor urban inhabitants in north-eastern Thailand. We raise the question of who has the right to set the rules of urban spaces, which have changed significantly in terms of the spatial exclusion of poor people. Our study adopts a qualitative case study, using a purposive sampling technique. Interviews were conducted with 30 key informants between August and October 2018. Data were coded, analysed and interpreted. Our findings show that the poor not only have restricted rights to physical space, but the inhabitants are prevented from having the right to live on their own land. We examine the context of new forms of “right to live in the city” associated with the right to historical identity, the right to equal distribution of resources, the right to equal access to resources, and the right to housing inheritance.

In modern translation studies, the phrase "translation strategy" is widely used to describe the translation process. This article analyzes the concept of "translation strategy", various definitions of this term, the reasons for the emergence of this concept. In a number of cases, the specific content of a given concept is generally unclear. The same researchers put different content into this phrase. "Translation strategy" can indicate principled approaches to solving particular problems within the framework of a general task. Use the phrase "translation strategy" to refer to the methods used to achieve the goals formulated when choosing a "translation strategy". In addition, in many cases, this phrase denotes specific translation techniques. On the other hand, the phrase “translation strategy” is used to denote general translation approaches in translation. The article also discusses the principles and content of the translation strategy. The survivability factors of the translation strategy are interpreted.

This article is devoted to the formation and development of medieval cities in an oasis called Kesh oasis in the medieval sources located in the eastern part of the Kashkadarya Oasis, one of the largest historical and cultural countries of Central Asia, in which the information on the formation and development of the first cities in this region during the first Iron Age As the main factor in the formation of cities in the territory, the passage of a network of the Great Silk Road from the Oasis territory was noted as one of the main factors. The author also elaborated on the basis of comparison, comparison, analysis of the names of about ten major cities of the Middle Ages in the Oasis and their location, the data presented in the written sources of the Middle Ages with the results of archaeological research conducted in recent years.

This research examines the influence of corporate governance on investment decision of 198 non-financial companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange of Sri Lanka, over the period from 2009 to 2016. This study used four corporate governance variables such as managerial ownership, board size, board independence, and CEO duality. Moreover, this study considers three control variables such as profitability, firm size, and corporate tax. This study employed the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model to estimate the regression models on panel data study. The main contribution of this study is sightseeing the insight of the effect of corporate governance factors on investment decisions. Findings reveal that managerial ownership is positively significantly influence on investment decision. Board size is insignificantly positive on investment decision. The existence of positive effect between board independence and changes in total assets was found in the study and a significant negative influence on Tobin’s Q.CEO duality is significantly and negatively related to changes in total assets and it is significantly and positively connected to Tobin’s Q. Therefore, except for board size, all the other corporate governance factors have influence on the investment decision of a firm.

India’s bilateral relation with ASEAN has been growing ever since they entered into partnership. Based on the secondary data, the present study tries to put forward a comprehensive analysis of the emerging India-ASEAN trade and investment relations in the last few years. The paper further analyses the key challenges to this trade relation with special reference to the challenge posed by the Covid-19 pandemic. We have also discussed how India and ASEAN have mutually engaged with each other to fight back the pandemic to their best capacities. We also highlight the emerging opportunities for India and ASEAN. Ideas and perspectives are thus, explored in the present study in order to search for a collective solution to strengthen the economic ties between

World today is having a crisis on global health issue and business environment’s uncertainty that significantly affected people’s income and survival. Further, job losses and unemployment are among the problems that influence the ability of the community to fulfil their household needs and wants. One way to manage the crisis is by providing employment opportunities that offer a stable income for the household to meet their financial expenses from time to time. In Malaysia, the Bottom 40 (B40) community group is the most affected by the current economy situation. The higher cost of living and lower level wages rate also add to the struggle of the community to live their life and forced the people to find an alternative work to survive the increased financial expenses. Gig-economy is an emerging labour market where the employer engages with the independent employees for short term contracts or also known as a freelancer. This new employment trend offers potentials for job creations to solve unemployment issue in the community especially during the challenging times. The underlying assumptions of four established theories in human resources management field are used to guide the articulation of the proposed framework. A conceptual analysis for an effective gig works system towards sustainable income for the community is discussed based on the current situations and Malaysian contextual elements.

For domestic pedagogy, the concepts of ‘learner-centered education’ and ‘learner-centered approach’ are no longer new. Can the learner-centered approach (style of interaction) be applied to students in higher education institutions? Or it may only be possible in preschool education institutions or in general education institutions? A many years' experience in applying the learner-centered approach to pupils (students) in practice shows that such approach has been effective at all levels of general and vocational education. This article discusses the specifics of the implementation of the learner-centered approach in the sphere of higher education, presents the criteria and indicators of such approach as well as the results of the student survey aimed at identifying the type of pedagogical interaction used.

The purpose of this study is to understand the factors determining urbanisation, climate change vulnerability of household in Khon Kaen sub-urban. Primary data were collected by use of the interview schedule, we adopt a simple random sampling, a total of 240 samples selected respondents. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, multivariate and multiple regression. We found that community emergency plan in response, economic response, number of farmlands, households without land, household income, and members have a positive associated with the vulnerability. Our model indicates that household vulnerability (𝑹 = 0.249), accounts for approximately 24 percent of the model’s predictive accuracy. This has significant implications for policies to future climate changes resulting from household vulnerability.

This study aims to perform a descriptive research on the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Financial Performance in Indian context using the Index S&P BSE 500. The Corporate Social responsibility has been taken more seriously with the effect of amendment in Companies Act 2013, CSR (Policy) Rules (the Act) from April 1, 2014 and hence the data disclosed in Prowess database by these companies are taken for the study from the time period between FY2014 - FY2018. These values are compared with the financial indicators including the firm size and financial performance and risk measures. Evidences of the relationship is been brought through correlation and regression models. There has been a positive relationship identified with the variables Earnings per Share, Net Profit Margin, Return on Net worth, Return on Capital Employed with the Corporate Social Performance of the firms. Dynamic Panel Regression is used for the panel data with an assumption that the previous year financial performance affect the current year performance. Econometric issues which can arise is also addressed using tests of autocorrelation and endogeneity. The study identifies that the firm size and leverage ratio can affect the CSR expenditure with respect to the profitability variables. The study suggests that keeping a control on interest payments and debt position would be helpful for future performance.

The “catfish conflict” between Vietnam and the US was a crucial case for unbalanced relations between developing and developed countries. The conflict comprised two principal parts: (i) safety and phytosanitary (environmental and sanitary) measures; and (ii) technological trade barriers (catfish labelling regulations). This paper deals with and discusses the above two parts. The statements in this paper are based on WTO regulations, empirical evidence and personal data collected from 25 people in the Thot Not District of Can Tho City, Vietnam (i.e. fish farmers, producers and local authorities). The main purpose of this survey is to collect accurate information from relevant people on the side of Vietnam and verify data from other scientists on feed, fingerlings, methods for farming, catfish processing and so forth. By evaluating the facts and arguments on the two sides, the paper will strive for two purposes: (i) deciding whether or not the U.S rules are consistent with World Trade Organization law; and ii) investigating whether Vietnam can carry the issue into the WTO dispute settlement mechanism and benefit.

Poverty reduction is a global effort to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The use of Information Communication and Technology (ICT) to identify the marginalized community has been determined. In Malaysia, government intervention through ICT is extended to rural women entrepreneurs to boost the economy, thus reducing poverty. Studies have identified the importance of ICT in helping rural women entrepreneurs in this poverty dilemma. A total of 186 online women entrepreneurs registered with Malaysian telecenter were selected as respondents in this study. The results show that 94 percent of respondents earn more than RM931 per month, Poverty Line Income (PLI) Malaysia, 2014. The results show that ICT users in business activities can improve households and self-success from poverty. From a social and economic perspective, the government's intervention in introducing ICT to rural women entrepreneurs has given them many opportunities to break the previous poverty cycle.

The articles about with the advent of the self-media era, there are increasing ways for college students to acquire various kinds of information and knowledge. At the same time, the change in ideology wills also uproar. Some negative information on networks and media will affect young student, especially in the aspect of patriotic ideologies. Therefore, the requirement of patriotism education has been proposed, and a varied path of patriotic education has been conducted by the higher educational institutions within the self-media environment. The research will shed light on the problem that how to facilitate current college students actively take actions to self-educate and spread patriotism in the self-media environment.

According to experts, as a means of computer training, changes in the method and form of teaching are characteristic features of information technology. Therefore, the issue of identifying and generalizing the problems of teaching drawing in general secondary schools remains relevant.
Because there are a number of issues related to the use of computer graphics in the process of teaching spatial geometric objects and drawing, they have been theoretically sufficiently addressed in the course of our research.

In the following article the life and methods of fiqh of Abu Hanifa and the researches on the Abu Hanifa, the researches on Abu Hanifa, his teaching is widely revealed. At the same time the opinions of the scholars of Islamic studies on Abu Hanifa are presented.

In the following article the pragmatical essence of the opportunities and the conditions created for the reforms implemented in the Republic of Uzbekistan which is undergoing rapid changes, the development of small enterprises and businesses, reforms in the sphere of education, discoveries in the scientific and technical spheres are analyzed based on the recent available data.

In a market economy, insurance has a special role to play in ensuring the continuity of production and protecting the population from accidents. Insurance is an important economic pillar of the transition to a market economy as one of the necessary elements of production. The insurance market provides financial assistance in protecting almost all forms of property from natural disasters, compensation for damage caused to people as a result of various disasters. The study of methods of its organization and development on a large scale in the same insurance market, including the organization of the activities of professional participants who effectively participate in it, demonstrates the relevance of the topic of the article. In addition, the article is aimed at studying the current state of the infrastructure of the insurance market in Uzbekistan at the current stage of development, the development of scientific and practical proposals for its development based on the analysis.

In world practice, the main goal of the activities of almost all central banks is to ensure the stability of national currencies and achieve price stability. The monetary policy of the central bank affects not only the money supply and interest rates, but also the overall level of economic development, that is, the well-being of every citizen in our country. Today, the world's central banks, Uzbekistan the main criterion of the Central Bank's activity is price control, inflation control. The generally accepted view today is that price management, economic education, and employment management are the necessary conditions. Prolonged periods of high inflation in a country can have dangerous consequences for the economy. This article presents scientific proposals and practical recommendations for the study and improvement of the monetary policy of the Central Bank of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to exploring linkages among organization culture, open innovation and sustainable business framework in the context of agri-business based firm.
Design/methodology – A conceptual model and theoretical framework based on competency value has been established through exhaustive literature review and verified through secondary data obtained from the report published by an agro-business firm on the continuum of annual basis followed by structured qualitative interview of the experts indulged in concerned industry.
Findings – The qualitative analysis demonstrates competency value framework for case-organization gaining sustainable business with the aid of open innovation. Research findings suggest that case company incorporate product innovation, process innovation in the adhocracy culture. Moreover, the firm accomplishes continued growth through sustained open innovation leading to customer satisfaction and sustainable business. Also, it is able to meet fair return to all other stakeholders withholding corporate philosophy of being transparent, farmers oriented, and market leader. Their results can be valuable to other companies.
Research limitations/implications – The limitation of the study resides in its general applicability. Like other case studies, the specific conditions obtained in one organization may not be found more generally in a different organization of the industry segment generally due to varying leading strategic orientation of individual firms. Thus the results of the study may have applicability to other firms falling in same industry segment and meeting with almost similar circumstances.
Originality/value – The paper explains the linkage and impact of cultural dimensions on sustained innovation directed towards complete customer satisfaction, quality excellence and finally leads to sustainable business growth of a firm.

Purpose: The paper aims to explore the literature on culture facilitating knowledge management (KM) in an organisation. The paper deliberates on various attributes, components, framework and classification of culture that stimulates KM.
Design/methodology/approach: A systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles has been carried out to understand the culture that fosters KM from Pro-Quest, Emerald and EBSCO host. Various attributes, components, framework and classification of culture have been extracted from the literature that impacts KM processes, knowledge assets, Knowledge conversion cycles and types of knowledge sharing.
Findings: The literature reveals a positive impact of cultural attributes, components of culture, various cultural frameworks and various classification of culture on KM processes, knowledge assets, knowledge conversion cycles and types of knowledge sharing.
Research implications: This paper is an output of extensive literature review studying all the attributes, components, framework and classification of culture that impacts KM. However, it would have been better to go for a precise study deliberating on a particular dimension of culture amongst framework, attributes or classification which impacts a specific KM dimension amongst KM processes, knowledge assets, KM conversion cycle and types of knowledge sharing. Also, a longitudinal study would have given long term data to understand how organisational culture would have influenced KM.
Research limitations: This paper is an output of extensive literature review studying all the attributes, components, framework and classification of culture that impacts KM. However, it would have been better to go for a precise study deliberating on a particular dimension of culture amongst framework, attributes or classification which impacts a specific KM dimension amongst KM processes, knowledge assets, KM conversion cycle and types of knowledge sharing. Also, a longitudinal study would have given long term data to understand how organisational culture would have influenced KM.
Originality/value: This paper contributes to knowledge culture literature by adding the fact that culture not only affects human resource activities but also plays a prominent role in KM.

Bankruptcy or default is most undesirable satiation in companies’ life. Managers and researchers always looking for to find out factors which lead companies towards default. This study focuses on multilevel variables (firm, sector and county) and found on which level of variables are more important factor for causing default. This study used data from 41 non-financial textile firms 25 non-defaulted and 16 defaulted firms listed in PSX for 10 years from 2009 to 2018. Logistic regression and artificial nested testing procedure are employed to find our result. According to finding textile, firm level factors are most significant factors behind financial distress and defaults. For instance, profitability, activity, ownership concentration and chairman duality are main factors. Whereas none of sector level variables and country level variables are reported significant in defaults. As far as multi-level variables are concern, firms’ level are most influential factors for on financial health and performance of companies followed by sector level and country level variables. This study recommends that in future, under developing countries like Pakistan there are also many county level governance related variables e.g. like role of law, control of corruption and political instability may also affect companies performance and cause financial distress and default. Therefore, in future these variables may be incorporate with logit or other computer base tools like artificial neural networks.

The General Hospital of South Tapanuli (RSUD-KTS) is the only hospital in the Regency. Since its establishment in 1998, South Tapanuli Regency Hospital, there has been a shortage of health workers with civil servants' status, it recruited the non-civil servant workers. There are three categories of non-civil servants who work in the hospital, namely; (1) Freelance Daily Workers, (2) Contract Doctors, and (3) Voluntary Workers. Freelance Daily Worker recruitment is based on South Tapanuli Regency's Regulation No. 98 of 2017, thus for Contract Doctor and Voluntary Worker purely hospital management policies. Freelance Daily Worker Position is a policy after enacting Law No. 5 of 2014 concerning civil servants and previously the issuance of PP No. 49 of 2018 about the Management of PPPK (previous policy of non-civil servant). The freelance daily worker policy is a compromise policy of the South Tapanuli Regent for the continuity of position and the earning of the workers who have served before the policy. At the same time, the hospital can also continue to operate well in their presence. However, in this case, the non-civil servant workers are not included as PPPK because PPPK workers are hired based on National selection, and those who have hired possess a NIPPPK number. Contract Doctor's existence is a general hospital business policy carried out in hospitals with BLUD status (internal policy), applied in the South Tapanuli Regency Hospital even though it is not a BLUD and the research shows a positive contribution to the hospital. The voluntary worker policy needs to be reviewed because hiring health workers without salary and the potential will cause related problems; law, employment and professional ethics

Dramatic increase in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) units leads to 40% of total energy consumption in a building. The HVAC system shares largest among other devices the energy consumption and it tends to increase further with steady increasing HVAC systems. Optimal management of HVAC operations is hence required to reduce the consumption of energy among the buildings. Certain advancements are hence required to avoid degradation associated with existing equipment and poor control. Optimal control strategy and fault diagnostics needs to be improved further in order to provide higher efficient thermal comfort. In this paper, we design an Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered system to control the cooling load demand and temperature maintenance with maximum thermal efficiency. AI powered system uses Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to offer cost-effective estimation with temperature conditions as input to the system. The thermal efficiency on the building is maintained using RNN with high level energy consumption. The experimental results reveal that the AI powered module estimates the cooling capacity of entire building with reduced error, which is lesser than 4.34%.

The purpose of this paper is to study the young Muslim consumer’s behavioural intentions to purchase halal cosmetic products in Pakistan. There are three independent variables namely consumer innovativeness, product characteristic, perceived behavioural control which effect the dependent variable of consumer behavioural intention. Theory of planned buying behaviour and diffusion of innovation is used as supportive theories. Data were collected from 370 young Muslim consumers in Pakistan. Self-administered questionnaires with 10-point interval scales were used. In this study, a quantitative research method was employed to examine hypotheses. The data were analyzed by using the (SEM) technique. Findings of the study show that perceived behavioural control, product characteristics and consumer innovativeness has a significant effect on halal behavioural intention. The findings can benefit the halal cosmetic companies that young Muslim generation has positive behaviour inactions to purchase the halal cosmetic product. The associations set up in this study constitute a significant addition to the current knowledge bases. The findings contribute to halal cosmetic research by illustrating the young generation of Muslim consumers behaviour for purchase halal cosmetic product.

The study aimed to know the most critical factors affecting job satisfaction among secondary school teachers in Wad-Madeni Greater Locality, Gezira state, Sudan (2020), and the study mainly depended on primary data from Wad-Madeni greater locality, Gezira state. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection, and statistical packages were used in the processing and analysis of data. In this study, the researchers applied descriptive statistics; likers scale measurement, and factor analysis. The result shows that the average of age, training courses, experience for males respectively 49.54, 3.36 and 24.04 while for the females 43..05, 2.56 and 17.29. There is a significant difference between males and females in (Residence, Marital status), while the (Education Level, Department, Work is Satisfactory) are not significant. According to Likers scale measurement, the researchers found that most of the respondents in section one (To some extent). In section two, most of the respondents (disagree and strongly disagree). In section three (To some extent) is the answer of most of them. Finally, in the last section also most of them (To some extent). Kaiser standard detected nine factors with roots value higher than 1.0. These nine factors explain 66.528%% of the total variation. The first factor contributes to 15.762%. The second factor contributes by 13.035% of the total variance. The third factor contributes by 6.996%. Factor four contributes by 6.990%. Factor five contributes by 5.621%. Factor six contributes by 5.160%. Factor seven contributes by 4.937%. Factor eight contributes by 4.030%, while the last factor contributes by 3.980% of the total variance. The most important recommendations of this paper are, the number of students must be proportional to the capacity of the classes and must be clear policies and guidelines for incentives and promotions.

Since the incidence of bore-well accidents in India is higher subsequently from 2006. Hence this paper aimed to design and investigate the bore well rescue system through inspection, holding and supportive mechanism. This paper considers three different cases of weight of children like 12kg, 15kg and 18kg based on which the device was designed. This study designs the device with the help of night vision camera with torchlight, oxygen pipe with an oxygen cylinder, vacuum pipe and suction cup. All the materials used were simple and effective and therefore it would help the rescue of child in both rural and urban areas at cheaper cost.  The study conducts theoretical, experimental and ANSYS calculations to show the effectiveness of the proposed device. In this aspect, deformation, stress and strain was measured and observed that the proposed rescue device is suitable for chosen weight cases of children. Hence this method would definitely support the rescue paramedical and operation team efficiently.

The objective of the research was to determine the willingness to pay for the recovery and conservation of existing urban green areas for public use in the city of Juliaca, as an approximation of their economic value. The methodology used was the contingent valuation method (CVM), through the application of 383 surveys to people who visit green areas, these data were analyzed using the STATA and SPSS programs. For the estimation, the cloglog regression model was used, where the results obtained show that the main variables that influence the willingness to pay for recovery and conservation are their level of monthly family income, education, the proximity of the green area to their home. ,the frequency with which you visit the green area and the perception of the state of the green area. 80% of citizens are willing to pay for the recovery and conservation of existing green areas, where the average willingness to pay is S /. 5.16 soles. Finally, it is to be expected that the results obtained may be a useful and necessary source of information on urban planning, environmental education and environmental culture.

Running a successful business involves more than just making money; it also means being able to manage the people that make it all possible – the employees. Having a well-defined set of Human Resources practices in place makes this an easier task to accomplish. Practices that are legally and ethically sound will produce greater results in business than attempting to manage employees in a haphazard fashion. The best human resources practices create the most effective and efficient method of achieving any objective or task for a business. When aligned with the company mission statement and goals, these practices can address many of the personnel issues that can come up for a business. It is far better for a company to move forward towards meeting goals as one unit, collectively working towards a common goal and having a plan to get there. The most effective human resources practices include capable leadership in the form of a human resources manager or team with experience in employee matters, legal requirements and organizational development. A successful human resources manager will have both the on-the-job experience and education to effectively lead the personnel efforts of a company. In addition, it is important that the company leadership allow an equal place at the table for human resource operatives to best fall in line with company goals.

The present study analyzes the attitude of policyholders of Life Insurance Corporation of India with special reference to Perambalur district, the data were collected and analysed as per the requirement of the study. The primary data were collected from the respondents through questionnaire method. The study has adopted convenience sampling method for selecting 454 respondents. The results revealed the fact that the factors, income, education, occupation and awareness have influenced the level of attitude of the policyholders.

The pandemic COVID-19 challenged all the industries in their Human Resource Management systems. The impact was visible with the changing nature of work places and all organizations have to adhere to the lock down restrictions. Many of the industries except health managed their human resources for business continuity with the alternate strategy of work from home. It is interesting to observe that the changing strategy in the Human Resource (HR) practices was swift and creative. In the present study, the authors have reviewed considerable number of research articles published in various journals. The review aimed to understand the coping strategies of the Human resource practices and their impact in the phase of ‘New Normal’.
The review questions of the study were a) to understand the concept of coping strategies in HR practices in ‘New normal’ after the pandemic, b) to understand the impact of ‘New Normal’ on HR, and c) to draw inferences from the available research studies. The systematic review was conducted in the following steps: Guiding review questions were framed, search for research articles published in the time period from April 2020 to November 2020, short listing of relevant articles, extraction of the data from the articles in a predesigned form, critical review of the study content by two independent authors and consensus were drawn. Twenty research articles were selected to find answers to the review questions. This paper documents the conclusion and inference drawn from the review. The review has documented the coping brilliance by reinventing new HR practices amidst unprecedented health threat, the progress of the HR from resistance to ‘New Normal’ and the lessons learnt during the new normal. The review reinforces the importance of further studies in this area of HR practices. This review study disseminates the HR practices which are documented and the findings will be useful for organizations to cope up in the post pandemic

The aim of this study is to identify determinants of customer loyalty based on literature review and to examine the effects of these determinants on social customer loyalty. Using a questionnaire developed based on previous studies, 352 complete and valid responses collected form 500 users of social media of banks in Saudi Arabia. Four hypotheses were suggested, including four independent variables (brand equity, customer satisfaction, customer trust, customer engagement and co-production) conceptualized in terms of social media and one dependent variable (social customer loyalty). In agreement with many previous studies, all hypotheses were supported except the hypothesis that co-production via social media (social co-production) significantly affects customer loyalty experienced through social media (social customer satisfaction). In accordance with these results, banks are required to consider social media applications not only for the purpose of brand promotion and awareness, but also to constitute customer loyalty by paying more attention to determinants of customer loyalty such as those identified in this study.

The aim of this study is to examine whether there is a meaningful relationship between career plateaus, and employees and their gradually developed career anchors. A career plateau is defined as the point at which the possibility for an employee to progress in their career is at the lowest. A career anchor refers to the needs, values, and abilities which shape an individual's career decisions (Jiang & Klein, 2000). This study also aims to determine if a career plateau affects employees’ career anchors. A negative and statistically significant relationship was observed between a career plateau and a career anchor. It was revealed that 22.1% of the change in the employees’ career anchors was explained by improvements to their career plateaus. It was found that a 1-unit increase in a career plateau perception caused a career anchor to decrease by 1.860 units.

The authors critically analyze the properties of modern civilization, its achievements and certain problems of nation as a whole. The decisive criterion of development is considered high spirituality. According to the authors’ thesis, the development of science leads humankind into the abyss. It is philosophically proved that if the progress of science and technology does not harmonize with high spirituality, then such development leads humanity to disaster.

Research on both planning managerial and ownership transfers in family businesses is almost nonexistent. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the importance of managerial and ownership planning in the succession process and its significance to sustain firm performance in the long run. The research has used a qualitative unique case study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two effective successors in family-owned businesses. Event history analysis method is used to study the speeches. This research shows that both managerial and ownership planning are interrelated strategic issues that merit thought and action. However, many business owners make the mistake of creating one plan without accounting for the other. Management succession planning should include development, training and support of successors. Furthermore, findings also showed that the existence of internal governance mechanisms reduces conflicts and therefore has a positive effect on succession in family-owned business.

The term non-performing asset can be defined as those advances or loans which are in arrears or in defaults. A bank considers its loans and advances as non-performing assets when the borrowers became unable to pay the interest along with the principal amount on due date. Through this study the researcher aims to ascertain the management of non-performing assets in Union Bank of India. This study is based on descriptive in nature and analysed the data which are collected from secondary sources of data. Through this study the researcher has find that the level of non-performing assets has decreased which has increased the level of profitability.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of implementing ISO 9001: 2015 on school performance as measured by the Balanced Scorecard. Primary data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to 120 respondents who were teachers and school employees in Tangerang. The independent variable in this study is the application of the principles of ISO 9001: 2015 while the dependent variable is good school performance from a perspective finance, customer perspective, internal business perspective, and learning and growth perspective. To determine the effect of independent variables and dependent variables, path analysis method is used. The results of data processing show that there is a positive influence between the application of ISO 9001: 2015 on school performance from a financial perspective, a customer perspective, an internal business perspective, and a learning and growth perspective. From these results the authors suggest that other agencies apply the principles of ISO 9001: 2015 in the management of their institutions to improve their performance.

Servant leadership is a leadership model that places service to others, including employees, customers and society as a top priority. Servant Leadership emphasizes increased service to others, a holistic approach to work, a sense of community and shared decision-making power. Organizational culture is the values, principles, traditions, and attitudes that influence the way organizational members act. Job satisfaction is a feeling of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with employees at work. Employees who are satisfied with their work are happy to do their jobs and always try to improve their abilities and skills. Respondents in this study were employees at the Department of Transportation, Badung Regency. The number of respondents in this study were 76 respondents, the sampling technique used a probability sample using the proportional stratified random sampling method. This technique is a sampling technique that provides equal opportunities for each member of the population at each level (in this case the number of employees in each field) to be selected as a sample. This study uses multivariate analysis using a structural equation model or SEM (Structural Equation Model) with a variance-based or component-based approach called PLS (Partial Least Square). The results of this study indicate that: 1) servant leadership directly has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, 2) organizational culture directly has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, 3) servant leadership directly has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, 4) organizational culture does not have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, 5) job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, 6) job satisfaction is partially mediated directly or indirectly, servant leadership on employee performance, 7) Job satisfaction is non-mediated indirectly. Direct organizational culture on employee performance proved to be insignificant.

Good learning must make the most of the learning media for support the achievement of learning objectives. However, not all teachers are able to make and using computer-based multimedia. The purpose of this research is to find out multimedia user experience using the latest technology for Professional Education Teacher . This study uses a quantitative approach respondent are 22 teachers, collected data using Google Form accordingly instrument and worked on within 10-15 minutes, then analyzed the mean, variance and Standard Deviation uses the ueq-online site. There are five research results from the UEQ test a scale that is categorized as Excellent, namely the Attractiveness, Efficiency, Dependability, Stimulation and Novelty. While the Perspicuity scale is categorized as Above Average accordingly with the UEQ benchmark interval. All average values above <0.08 indicate that evaluation of the experience of using multimedia is positive. The conclusion that learning multimedia using Media Studio's autoplay program is excellent - satisfying to use for Teacher Professional Education

This study investigates a structural equation model (SEM) of factors that influence individual greenhouse gas emission behaviours in the context of Khon Kaen city, northeast Thailand. The study discusses behavioural changes that are central to reducing greenhouse gas emission in a city. The study employs an exploratory, sequential mixed-method design. This qualitative study indicates that individual greenhouse gas emission behaviours consisted of seven conditions: Characteristics; knowledge; social support; motivation; attitudes; role models; and information. The model in the second phase fits with the empirical data, with p-value = 0.21758, Chi-Square/df = 1.134, GFI = 0.98, AGFI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.019, and R2 = 0.88. It is found that social support, motivation, attitudes, and role models played a more important role for individual greenhouse gas emission behaviours with an effect size of 0.42, 0.34, 0.29, and 0.12, respectively. Meanwhile, characteristics, knowledge, and information did not affect individual greenhouse gas emission behaviours. The authors strongly suggest that environment preservation policies, especially behavioural changes to reduce greenhouse gas emission which place importance on people's knowledge amelioration and information publicity should be improved by focusing on developing social structures, strengthening motivations, enhancing people's attitudes, and increasing the number of role models.

The evolution of linear economies has been, inter alia, driven by a market that does not tell the „ecological truth‟ as most “environmental externalities” (such as environmental damage caused by extraction but also by the transport or use of resources are not reflected in market prices.
In a circular economy, optimization of the use of non-renewable resources implies taking into account and integrating quantitatively these "externalities" in the calculation of the overall value of a product or a service.
, using statistics gathered from publicly available sources, such as the U.S. Census Bureau. The regression analysis includes economic data from all 50 U.S states from 10 years of a 12-year period. The resulting findings indicate that a tenuous connection does exist between taxes and circular economy, but that the relationship is not consistent or consistently significant across many different possible kinds of circular economy. Thus, eschewing any notions of a one size fits all tax policy. Furthermore, a determination is made that other, non-tax, vi economic and social factors are actually more important to our understanding of circular economy and of what constitutes good policy in this field of economic data

Sustainable construction involves the creation of buildings using best-practice cleansing and resource-saving technologies from the extraction of raw materials to the removal and disposal of their components. Construction activities always involves some adverse environmental impacts, although sustainable construction should reduce it to a certain degree. Management scholars researched organizational environmental practices in 1990s and advocated more holistic and responsible practices in the supply chain. The aim of the study is to improve the use of green supply chain in construction industry sector in Algeria. Firms that are targeted in this study are Suppliers, Managers and Contractors in Algeria. Supply Chain Management (SCM) is still in its infancy in the construction industry, but some philosophical awareness is evident. Suppliers, contractors and subcontractors are not integrated, they lack teamwork and they are not team-oriented. GSCM can play an important role in architecture. The adoption of GSCM provides general guidelines for analyzing, redesigning, and coordinating the entire supply chain of the building and continuous improvement, solving basic problems and controlling short-sighted supply chains. This paper has proposed a conceptual framework for this study by exiting all these saturated areas into the construction industry sector with attention to the intensity of implementation of green supply chain management in the construction industry sector in Algeria.

Employee performance is a critical issue for organizations especially in academic sector. It undermines the efficiency and productivity of the organization. There is a need of looking at factors that affect this behavior of the workforce. Therefore, this study focuses on the relationship of training development variables which are Perceived availability of training, Motivation to learn from training and Individual characteristic with organizational culture and employee performance in academic settings. This paper also determines whether organizational culture mediates the relationship between training development and employee performance. To have empirical evidence about these relationships, data will be collected from academic staff employed at public sector universities of Iraq using self-administered questionnaire. The collected will be analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Confirmatory factor analysis using Social Science Statistics Package (SPSS) version 23.0 to measure the relationship between variables and to test the hypotheses related to this study. This study contributes to body of knowledge by investigating the relationship of training development with workplace attitudes incorporating constructs of training development, organizational culture effect and employee performance using one comprehensive research framework. This paper will give an enhancement to the policy makers in higher education sector about the availability of training development opportunities which affect the performance of academic staff and in turn affect the effectiveness of universities as well.

This study aims to determine the role of the size and growth rate of banks in determining the effect of the financial leverage degree on the profitability of Jordanian commercial banks. To achieve this goal, the study adopted the analytical descriptive research approach and analysed the financial reports of 13 Jordanian commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange Market (ASEM) during 2014–2018. To test the hypotheses and achieve the study goal, the data were analysed using simple linear regression analysis and hierarchical interaction regression analysis. The analyses showed that there is a positive effect on the financial leverage degree on the profitability of Jordanian commercial banks. Moreover, the results uncovered that the interaction effects of the financial leverage degree and the size and the growth rate of the bank foster the positive effects of the individual variables on the profitability of the banks. foreign direct investments is also the essential ingredient to the growth and development of most economies (Baban & Hasan, 2019). The most important factors in the economic growth processing of any country are the commercial transactions and foreign direct investments (Adl.Nawzad, 2020). The element of knowledge management and innovation are currently considered as integral in all aspects and operations of an organization given the fact that they determine the survival of entities in the corporate market (Jabbar et al., 2019).

Much traditional software is available for recognising the handwritten characters or digits and that gets converted to the digital format. But the accuracy level and performance of the systems are not that much acceptable due to lack of temporal information. In this proposed method the training set is created with the strokes and segments of the characters and the digits and that get matched with the test data. The segmentation is based on position of character, order of writing the character, writing time and writing pressure. A mathematical model is created with a support vector function to perform the identification. The stroke and segment extraction makes the accuracy more in this system. The aim is to build a model for managing handwritten text recognition accuracy and translate them into speech. This problem is approached using Recurrent Neural Network.

When it comes to employment sector, there is an urgent need for wider investigations about the impact of COVID-19 on unemployment to explore possible damages to existing patterns of youth employability, and the alignment of government policy with institutional needs. This study is aimed to assess the short-term challenges of COVID-19 pandemic on the youth unemployment crisis in Nigeria. For this study, data from National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) study and other published data from literature have been analyzed to determine the challenges of COVID-19 pandemic on youth unemployment in Nigeria. From the analysis carried out, the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on unemployment via difference-in-difference assessment shows that the Nigeria's unemployment rate ranked 30.1 percent in the fourth quarter of 2020. The study reveals that the unemployment rate among young people that is, ages 15-34years is 30.1%, up from 26.7%. The study also finds that 64% of the considerably increased inflows from employment into unemployment were due to the COVID-19 shutdown measures. It has been also established in the study that as at the fourth quarter of 2020, youth unemployment rate rose to 30.1% indicating that about 22,764,614 million Nigerian youths remain unemployed. The study concludes that, in sum, the shutdown measures amplified increased unemployment in. The study recommended the participation of private companies amongst others, by creating jobs in averting the challenges of COVID-19 pandemic on increased youth unemployment in the country.

Student educational capacity is the component competencies in the competency framework of the teacher, especially for homeroom teacher, it is the core and essential competency in student education. Teachers play an important role in developing direct technical workforce for the country. Therefore, teaching capacity is a component of the pedagogical capacity and the most important capacity of the teacher. The teaching capacity of teachers in general and teachers in Thai Nguyen province in particular becomes the output standard, a criterion for building and evaluating teaching capacity in training and fostering pedagogy. This educational capacity includes the component competencies, via the survey process at primary schools in Thai Nguyen city, Thai Nguyen province, it shows the inequality between the competencies of the qualified teachers; via organizing experiential activities and coordinating the educational forces to educate students, it is clear that the 3 groups of weak competencies mostly focus on learning the characteristics of students and students' families. Schools have implemented measures to develop educational capacity for primary teachers, but these are still formalistic, fragmented and ineffective. The practical survey results in this paper will be the valid basis for proposing a number of measures to develop educational capacity for homeroom teachers working as teachers at primary schools in Thai Nguyen City, Thai Nguyen Province.

This research aims to know the runway capacity at Ngurah Rai International Airport Denpasar Bali using the Doratask Method. Doratask Method is the method of calculating the capacity of runway adopted from the ICAO project 2009, which is also used to analyze the size of a runway in several ICAO country members in the South America Region (SAM Region). Observation, documentation, interview, and literature study are carried out to obtain the data of runway capacity at Ngurah Rai Airport Bali. The sample in this study is the data of aircraft movements for about 12 hours of flight during peak hours. Direct observation is done for seven full days on runway 09 and runway 27. The research finds the value of runway capacity at Ngurah Rai Airport Bali as many as 18 aircraft movements. The condition of Ngurah Rai Airport when the survey is done is that it can accommodate around 15 changes. It means the runway capacity at Ngurah Rai Airport Bali has been overcapacity. The use of Doratask Method to calculate runway capacity is considered most suitable to be implemented at Ngurah Rai Airport Bali because the value is close to the real condition in the field in line with the philosophy of runway capacity, that is the capability of runway to accommodate the aircraft movements for take-off and landing with no delay

The objective of this study is twofold. First is examining the effect of audit results on the local government performance. Secondly is examining the moderating role of performance measurement system on the relationship between audit results and local government performance. This study collected 846 local governments’ data from 282 local authorities in Indonesia from 2014 to 2016. The data that employed for audit results were extracted from findings and rectification of audit reports. For the Performance Measurement System, the data were taken from the Government Agency Performance Accountability Report which described the performances of government agencies on the activities and programs implementation which funded by the government. Meanwhile, the local government performances were measured using the total obtained revenue. This study uses multiple regression analysis to explain relationship between the audit results and performance measurement system on local government performance. As the results, it has a positive significant effect on both variables tested. This research also found a significant interaction effect between audit results and performance measurement system on local government. These results assert that local governments with strong Perfomance Measurement System are more effective in responding to negative findings of audit in order to improve their performances in the following years.

Financial wellbeing is usually objectively measured and also views as a subjective concept that refers to "How people feel or evaluate themselves related to money matters". Personal economic well-being is a multifaceted subjective concept that includes subjective variables of Financial Well-being like financial satisfaction, financial behaviour, attitude, and perceptions of Individual related to financial decisions. In this multi-disciplinary experimental research, the paper focused on two objectives: 1) to study the relationship between subjective variables of Financial-wellbeing and 2) on observing variation in the subjective variables of Financial-wellbeing in both situations of Pre-and Post-Financial Literacy intervention. The sample of the study consists of 308 working people as respondents in tri-city Chandigarh. The questionnaire covers subjective variables of Financial-wellbeing, i.e., 1) Individual Economic Behaviour, 2) Financial-Awareness, 3) Financial-Perception, 4) Financial-Attitude, and 5) Socio-economic-demographic characteristics of respondents. The study reveals that: 1) a significant relationship between other subjective variables of Financial-wellbeing and Individual Economic Behavior among, 2) a significant relationship exists between Individual Economic Behaviour and socio-economic demographic variables, i.e., Income and employment level, 3) The paired t-test reveals that a substantial improvement in subjective variables of Financial-wellbeing and Individual Economic Behaviour in Post-Financial Literacy Intervention situation among working people in tri-city Chandigarh in Pre- and Post- Financial Literacy Intervention. Thus, Financial Literacy has a positive impact on Economic Behaviour and subjective variables of Financial-wellbeing among Individuals.

The key objective of this study is to recommend a novel approach in pricing Shariah based financial assets by testing Shariah-Compliant Capital Asset Pricing Models which can potentially replace the conventional CAPM in PSX. Using eighteen years extracted data from Thomson Reuters Data Stream over the period of January 2001 to December 2018 and by deploying Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), this study develops and analyses Shariah-Compliant Capital Asset Pricing Model. The returns of the stocks traded on PSX are calculated through the CAPM equation with Risk-Free Rate, without Risk-Free Rate, Zakat, NGDP and Inflation. The impact of size anomaly is also gauged in the study. The findings are surprising and specify that the Shariah CAPM can be the alternate of the conventional CAPM. The results of this study may show a new way to the investors, corporates and banks to calculate the required rate of returns of their securities.

Since the pandemic of Covid-19, working from home has become a new normal. A relative psychological feeling and understanding of an individual is job satisfaction. It varies depending on various factors that influence or contribute, such as physical, financial, technological, social, and psychological factors. The main goal of the research is to understand the difference in job satisfaction of urban working women from the IT sector in India in a pandemic situation based on two factors namely marital status and nature of family. The study was confined to the urban working women in the IT sector in the city of Pune, India.
This paper aims to study the impact of marital status and nature of family as a combined effect on the job satisfaction of female employees in the IT sector working from home during the pandemic situation of covid-19.
A questionnaire gathered primary data and the respondents were female IT sector employees in Pune. In this background the present study was undertaken to analyse job satisfaction of working women in the IT sector during a pandemic situation. The sample consists of 238 career women working in the IT Sector of Pune, India. The questionnaire was Circulated online through Google Form to 300 respondents and received 238 responses from them. The received data tested for data fitment and further interaction effect was found. The interaction effect results show that marital status and nature of family are significantly associated with job satisfaction of female working employees of the IT sector. It opens for a thought to start rethinking women employee job satisfaction in terms of formulating employee support programs to maintain their level of job satisfaction to enhance productivity.

The paper aims to tell the story of foreign institutional investors, advent in India. The study examines the nature of the FII flows into India. The study is spread across mainly four points of investigation. It attempts to understand if there was a significant change in the flow of FII investment before and after the economic crisis of 2008.The study intends to investigate if investments made in India, by FIIs of different countries are significantly different, quantum of investment made by FIIs in different Industrial sectors significantly differ, if there is significance of difference between the FII and DII investment flows. Data form the website of NSDL and SEBI was used in the study . FII & DII fund flows, in India, of the last 27 years have been used for the study. Based on the results of the test conducted it was concluded that there is no significant statistical difference in the quantum of FII flows before and after the financial crisis of 2008.The amount invested by the FII’s in various Industrial sectors in India, was found to be significantly different. There was no significant difference in the yearly investments made by different countries investing in India. The difference between the flows of FII and DII in India was found to be insignificant and negatively correlated.
The current study could be extended in the future to study the impact of FII on the Indian retail investors’ investment choices. More study on whether the retail investors follow the investment pattern of the FII and DII needs to be done. A predictive model for the investor could be devised, to make better investment choices, by following the foreign institutional investor and domestic institutional investors.

Undoubtedly, the banking system in India has witnessed the fastest growth in comparison to other governing sectors of the Indian economy. The solvency and sustenance of banks do not only concern the depositors but equally to the other participants viz., the employees, the customers, the shareholders and the country as a whole. The banking system’s assistance in smooth functioning of trade and commerce across the globe indicates an imperative need for its timely and regular monitoring. The study aims at analysing the financial and operating performance of the Indian Banking Sector.
The HDFC and ICICI as the largest private banks and State Bank of India (SBI) and Syndicate Bank as the largest public sector banks are selected for this purpose. The evaluation is done using CAMELS rating system as recommended by Padmanabhan Committee. The various ratios, noted below, are considered for the study based on CAMELS acronym in the following order.
Capital Adequacy ratios
Asset Quality ratios
Management Capability ratios
Earnings Quality ratios
Liquidity ratios and
Sensitivity to market risk
The period, considered, is from 2010 – 2019. The descriptive statistics is used to analyse the results thereof. Correlation and t -test are executed to test the hypothesis.

Increasing presence of retail investors, in the Indian financial markets, calls for extensive study on their investment habits and behavior. The current study tries to understand the impact of the demographic characteristics of the individual investor on risk appetite, investment habits and selection of mutual funds as an investment choice. The study also investigates the impact of the demographic characteristics on choice of risky investment options Vs. Non risky options and all the investment options together. Statistical tests used have been used to conclude that the demographic variables age and income have an influence on the investment choice of mutual funds. Based on the results of tests conducted on the data collected it was found that income levels of a respondent have an influence on the selection of the risky investment choices. It has been found that the previous literature has mainly focused on the relation between the demographics and selection of mutual funds alone or only single class of financial instruments. The current paper has categorized the investment into risky and non-risky, to study the association of the categories with the demographics of the sample. However the test was conducted with a sample size of 100. The sample selection method used in the study was convenience sampling. Similar studies can be conducted with a larger sample size. Stratified sample or cluster sampling method or stratified sampling method could be used to have a better representation of the population. It would be interesting to study how the data would behave on a larger scale. Further studies in the same line are very important on many fronts .Considering the importance of the retail investor in a developing economy like India; the current study would help us to understand the retail investor better. A better understanding of the behavior of the end user, will help the finance professionals to design more custom made financial products in the coming future.

The motivation of the present study to investigate and understand the correlation of adjusted closing prices of forex and index (EUR/INR, GDP/INR, Nifty50, CNXIT) which is traded at National Stock Exchange, India. The empirical analysis of three years of data with the help of E-views software. After investigation, it can conclude there is a steady correlation ship among the group. CNXIT having a more robust relationship with Forex as compare to Nifty50. It shows a short-run equilibrium relationship variable but, long-run equilibrium among variables, but shows a very strong co-relation among all the research variable (EUR/INR, GDP/INR, Nifty50, CNXIT. Due to above support it determine the unidirectional price detection dynamics. The co-integration test allows high degree of relationships among variables.

Purpose: This study is an attempt to examine whether the return premium promised by Peter Lynch using PEGY benchmark (P<1 & P>0) has any value addition to the banking sector in India over PEG benchmark. The study tests the relationship between the return premium using PEGY, PEG ratios and the Indian banking sector. This study also examines the relationship between PEGY, PEG sorted portfolio returns and CSR activities in the Indian Banking sector. Design/methodology/approach: The paper analyses all the banking companies listed on the NSE-500 for the last 20 years, from March 2000 to March 2020. The study used CAPM regressions and is carried out on each portfolio using the common "excess return" form of the single-factor model equation to examine the existence of a full sample period as well as two sub-period return premiums. Findings: The empirical findings of the study indicated that there is a statistically significant difference in PEGY and PEG benchmark returns. The results also suggest that there is a positive monthly return premium in PEGY1 sorted portfolio both in the full sample as well as two sub-sample periods. Results of this study confirmed that the PEGY sorted portfolio is better than the PEG sorted to measure the return premium in the Banking sector. This research study also claims that there is no significant relationship between the PEGY, PEG sorted portfolio returns and CSR activities in the Indian Banking sector

Financial inclusion envisages bringing the people into the formal banking sector and mobile banking can help in this task. It is estimated that almost 85% of the BoP population in the world uses mobile phones but, whether the mobile banking will actually help the BoP and fulfill the purpose of financial inclusion remains a question. Limited research has been conducted on mobile banking among the BoP and has mainly focused on the mobile banking adoption and its determinants. The benefits and challenges of mobile banking to the poor have not been discussed in the past. Before working on the potential solutions of mobile banking, a serious thought over if the mobile banking will actually help the poor or in what ways can help in preparing a strategy that can integrate the positioning of the benefits of mobile banking solutions. Thus, through this research we aim to discuss the benefits and challenges of mobile banking to the BoP. The benefits of mobile banking to the BoP are reduced cost, reduced time and personalization. The challenges of mobile banking are related to system, security, regulatory environment, economic viability. The service providers should work closely with the government agencies to develop appropriate systems that can overcome the challenges and increase the benefits in order to encourage the use of mobile banking at the BoP.

An employer branding can be understood as a set of procedures which instigates with the contact for the very beginning of the probable candidate with the organisation brand. This stream flows endlessly through every phase of the association journey. This journey may be referred as the “Talent Journey”. It includes the details, additional information, and complete data required behind the recruitment and selection process, keeping the candidate pleased, engaged, and loyal to the organisation. It also provides insights into how keenly and enthusiastically employees of the organisation endorse working at the specific organisation.
“An employer brand is an intangible. However, many tangible practices and behaviors contribute to it.” Edward E. Lawler.
Employees engaged in CSR activities perform to their best and create a special place for the organisation in the market. An organisation is considered successful where the employees of that particular organisation feel valued because of their loyalty. This feeling of loyalty comes with the exponential organisational support and the management standing by with their commitments. Providing such kind of support and fulfillment of commitments towards the employees gives that organisation a better identification in the industry because employees don’t wish to leave such organisations. Employees working with such organisations always consider themselves accountable for the success in building the brand image. In these types of organisations, the attrition goes down, best talent stays back and hence the face value of the company automatically goes up.
The main objective of this research article is to understand importance of CSR in Employer Branding and elements of CSR in Employer Branding.
"Employer Branding," an essential aspect of the business, is considered a crucial element in every organisation's success. A factor that takes the business entity to a different level and proves to be one of the best practices in promoting the brand image. In recent times, aspiring candidates have become very vigilant in joining any particular organisation. They first check all the credentials of an organisation and then decide whether to join it or not. 
Hence, from the employee's perspective, Employer Branding has gained an important place in promoting an organisation as an 'Employer of Choice.' A positive image portrayed by gaining employee confidence helps in gaining much popularity in the market.
Since this is article has been written by referring to various journals, research articles and a book, Conceptual Research Methodology has been used to understand the topic in dept

Purpose: The article examines the awareness level of SRI mutual funds among Indian Investors and their perception regarding the return and risk associated with them. Design/Methodology/approach: To analyze the results one way empirical variance (ANOVA), chi-square analyses, descriptive analysis and factor analysis were used. Standardized questionnaire was supplied to 132 mutual funds Investor of Delhi/NCR.
Findings: Indian financial specialists were benefit arranged and not morally situated. Age & qualification have little impact and revenue impacts the speculator type, female buy more SRI reserve then men. An overall viewpoint of SRI reserves, they offered not so much returns but rather more hazardous as contrast with Normal assets
Research limitations/Implications: The study will be benefited for Asset Management Company to assist the awareness programs for investors and should launch SRI funds
Originality/Value: Research unravels the relation of type of investor and demographic profile relate to socially responsible funds. A general view of Indian investors on SRI funds contributes to literature by trying to fill this gap.

In the modern era of Friedman’s Flat World, investments are neither confined to a single economy nor to one type of investment. These days’ global investors seek investment across the different countries and explore the diverse markets, including equity, commodities, currency, and oil markets around the globe. Interdependencies among these key markets play a vital role in the success or ultimate failure of any such markets. This current research paper focuses on demonstrating the interlinkages between Crude and Gold rates, forex-rates and equity prices of the emerging Indian economy from 1993 to 2019 by deploying the cointegration tests given by Johansen and tests of unrestricted univariate Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR). The results failed to establish any kind of cointegration amongst the selected macroeconomic variables. Further, the results positively confirm the significant influence of the gold and equity prices on the crude-oil rates; the noticeable significant influence of crude and forex on the gold-prices; and marked the effect of forex-rates and equity-prices on each-other.

Business Strategy Formulation (BSF) from various diverse approach have been addressed in a number of previous researches that provided some distinct answers. However, the key to competitiveness is no longer based on the adoption of approach that have been successful in the past, but adapting and responding towards the rapid changes of business environments by taking the suitable approach depending on the conditions prevailing at that time to be leveraged in strategy formulation. The main objectives of this research were to propose a model of business strategy formulation that integrates Knowledge Management (KM), Competitive Intelligence (CI), and Strategic Leadership (SL) as leverage in the business strategy formulation (BSF), as well as establish the mediation effect of Strategic Leadership (SL). This research adopted a quantitative approach that fully utilized the survey method through an online platform for data collection. A questionnaire survey randomly distributed to 331 managers working at the local-owned MSC Status companies. All the collected data were analyzed using the SmartPLS software. The result of the study revealed that there was a direct effect of KM and CI on SL and BSF. Nevertheless, CI found to be the most crucial factor than KM for BSF, and KM is more critical than CI to improve SL. Meanwhile, SL indeed not only an indicator to BSF but also has mediating effect in the relationship between KM, CI and BSF. Overall, the findings of the research are meaningful to add new knowledge for the knowledge fields as well as a practical context to facilitate the strategy formulation.

Previous studies have shown that practices adopted by the organizations directly or indirectly lead to various organization and employee specific outcomes in terms of productivity, performance and competitiveness. The present study explores such HR practices adopted by India’s major IT players and makes a comparative analysis. Using data from 375 professionals of selected Indian IT companies, the study found that selected companies makes effective use of contemporary human resource practices viz. work from home, flexible work hours and sabbatical leaves for employees. The results of the study further indicated that of all the selected companies, HCL ranks top when it comes to implementing contemporary HR practices. The study concluded that employee related organizational objectives can be achieved with a combination of traditional HR practices and contemporary methods. The high performing firms in industry uses the best of practices to find, attract, retain and engage the talent of the firm.

Having markets locked, farmers truanting from fields and transit in cessation, is world economy likely to face a standstill? It can be the situation if synergistic steps are not taken to control the situation. The present study aims to unveil the repercussions of pandemics like COVID-19 on economy of developing countries like India. COVID-19 has not only imposed infrastructural demands on health care systems but also it is leading to escalation of economic costs in terms of suspended work schedules and disoriented productivity. It has been observed that regions which are having more economic integration with the world economy will be affected heavily as compared to regions which are less in integration with the outside world.

The current study investigates the effect of financial performances and macroeconomic indicators on financial distress predictions in real estate sector organisations on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2015-2017. This study used the Springate Model as a measurement of corporate financial distress and used logistic regression analysis. The results of the study found that: (1) Current ratio had a favorable effect on financial distress conditions, while the quick ratio had a unfavorable effect on financial distress conditions. (2) Net profit margin and return on assets of the two variables has a positive effect on financial distress conditions. (3) Debt ratio and debt to equity of the two variables does not affect the financial distress condition. (4) Macroeconomic indicators that are proxied by inflation, interest rates and exchange rates based on the results of the research of the three variables do not affect financial distress conditions.

Every nation is suffering from the problem of unemployment where India is also one of them. The participation of both males and females is important for the economic growth of any nation. India is treated as a masculine nation where women are not given much opportunity to accomplish their dreams. Since the last decade government is working to motivate women to come and stand with the male for the overall growth of a nation. This paper will examine the factors that lead to the creation of entrepreneurial intention in Indian women. The paper will also identify the role and relationship between these factors in entrepreneurial intention building. The convenient sampling technique was adopted to interview 402 women who have started or willing to start their own business. The finding show both internal and external forces are equaling contributing to establishing entrepreneurial intention in Indian women. Environmental factors are having an inverse relationship with external forces which is having a significant relationship among them. Smart PLS 3.0 statistical software has been used to carry out analyses and validation of the suggested framework

WHO designated coronavirus as pandemic. A virus that shook world’s economy and influenced multiple vicinities. There are multitudes who were infected, numerous recovered, some lost their lives and many are struggling. The great unwashed have adopted precautionary measures in order to break the chain. Sealings and Lockdowns are preventative methods to reduce the contacts of transmission. It’s a state where it’s like bottoms out concomitant to which manufacturing industries have been influenced. Human race is struggling to attain a better survival.

The results of the study have indicated that in order to secure the lifelong success of any banking institution the retention of key bank employees have been critical factor to be taken into consideration. It has been observed that it is more profitable for organizations to have good and attractive brand name, which reflects employees’ perception of employer and their beliefs and values about the bank. By providing employees with social security, economic stability and career development, they will be more satisfied, more committed towards keeping the brand name and are less likely to leave for another banks. Therefore, it becomes necessary for the bank employers to keep their employees happy and contended in the bank culture by providing them an attractive work environment

The world has been suffering from Corona pandemic called as COVID-19. It has spread to more than 170 nations with the death toll being massive. Several thousand people have also recovered. Many pharmaceutical companies are testing to develop medicines and vaccines to cure the disease, but success has not been achieved yet. Wuhan of China reported about it in December and today four month later life has started to revert to normalcy there but the world is gripped under curfews, lock-down which has brought financial slowdown and crippled economic growth. Stock markets are also not devoid of its impact. Different nations have extended help to each other but yet the overall impact of COVID-19 is immeasurable. The present paper is an attempt to study the impact of COVID-19 on stock exchanges across the world. The implication of this study is that the managers may think to provide a solution in this tumultuous situation.

Purpose – Review of literature provides number of models highlighting the perception of potential employees in context with employer branding. However, these models lack empirical investigation in different industries like insurance, tourism & travel, hospitality and banks. These frameworks have highlighted the perception of employers towards positioning their organisation image in the mind of potential employees.Six Online databases, namely, Emerald, JSTOR, Sage Publications, Science Direct, Springer Link and Taylor & Francis have been surfed to list the articles with title “Employer Branding” or with the title “Employer Attractiveness” and the total listed articles from databases of Taylor & Francis, Emerald, Springer Link, JSTOR, Science Direct and Sage Publications respectively have been thoroughly reviewed. The majority of studies on “Employer Branding” and on “Employer Attractiveness” have been carried out in different countries of the world that is in US, UK, China, Portugal, Netherlands, and in different service industries like hotels, banking, aviation and telecom sector. In theoretical terms, the researchers have remarked in their studies that employer branding terminology can be a strong basis for attracting the new talent and prospective candidate for the right job at right time in right place in various service industries. However, the focus has to be shifted in studying the employer branding terminology from current employee perspective.The study has provided basis for applying the models in different industries with the theoretical support. Future research should seek to give empirical evidence regarding the congruence between employer branding and employee performance. The conceptualized models can also be empirical investigated and may be employed in different industries to study the influence of various parameters on the service employees. The results from review of literature presented here should lead analysts to recognize that measuring and strategically managing employer branding may in fact become the most important managerial activity for driving organizational performance among current employees.The paper discusses the similarity and differences in the two models by [1]on employer branding from the perception of current employees towards their present organisation. The study provides a unique opportunity to understand the two models and their applicability in the banking industry. Moreover, these two models and its various perspectives were found to be more suitable and apt for the banking industry.

Gamification is the emerging trend these days in various sectors like service training, business, health, organisational management, politics, retail and education. Gamification is widely used in education these days so it is necessary to study the different aspects of it. In this study we are using secondary data to analyse the importance and process of gamification. Further in this study we will analyse the tools for gamification. The purpose of the study is to study the process of gamification, the software tools used in gamification. In the end it leads to the conclusion that Gamification is an efficient instrument to bring out constructive changes in attitude of students towards learning, improving their eagerness to learn. The outcomes of this are dual, one, they improve results and grasping power of the content and generate conducive environment for learning

Every nations in this world is suffering from pandemic of COVID-19. COVID-19 started from Wuhan, China and now it is everywhere in the world. Social distance and hand-wash are two methods to prevent ourselves from this virus. The world is experience lockdown even though we are buying our daily needs and making payment for such items. Cash transfer process requires involvement of our hand to exchange and this process increases chances of spread of COVID-19. This study will explore the various expert’s advices and elaborate experiments on the process of spread of corona virus. This paper will also show how digital payment process prevent spread of contagious virus corona. The paper is literature based and findings have been made from secondary sources. The comments of doctors, experts, and scientists have been collected from new articles and websites. The finding of study shows the social distancing is best way to protect each other from COVID-19 and digital payment helps us to maintain social distancing during purchasing.

For Women Empowerment and economically weaker group of people who come together to pool some amount of money from small savings on regular basis which is then deposited in a common pool to meet the immediate and emergency needs of the Self Help Group members by providing them loans free from collateral to fulfill the purpose. Self Help Groups is a homogeneous group who has joined their hands and supports each other to overcome the problems they usually face. The loan amount is decided by the SHG members and also the time period of its repayment. The member who defaults will not be getting another loan till he repays the older one. This study focuses on such groups who are pooling their money, taking loans and repays them within stipulated time period. The study has been done in the highly populated districts of Punjab with the sample size of 500 members. Various statistical tools have been applied such as percentage method and Chi Square to check any the relationships in their attributes.

The paper highlights the significance of Extracurricular Activities in the overall development of the student and enhancing their employability. Using database like Google scholar, JSTOR, Web of Science total 63 papers were reviewed which became a sufficient primary source.The chosen references were taken from articles, review of literature, dissertations, conference proceedings, etc.

In this era of Clouds, Banking services have stepped into the new world. From traditional Branch base banking services to Modern online banking Services which include internet Banking, Mobile banking Apps etc. With the emergence of Modern Services there seems a gap between services delivered and adoption by the people. So it is important for the service providers to analyze the gap. This paper tries to examine factors influencing adoption of Mobile Banking Apps. A total of 145 respondents examined through convenient sampling. Through the demographic analysis it is observed that a typical mobile banking user is young literate, female students The Findings further suggest that factors like Social Influence, timeeffectiveness, Simplicity and usefulness acts a major factors that influence the decision for adoption of Mobile banking Apps .Thus , these Factors help service providers to understand the youth intention and to make strategies accordingly to provides maximum inclusion and helps in achieving the mission of Digital India .

One of the most significant challenges facing humanity is to eliminate hunger and malnutrition. The conditions of malnutrition and other diseases associated with it are mainly caused by consuming too much of food, consuming too little food, or consuming an unbalanced diet that is devoid of essential nutrients required by the body.Adequate nutritional attainment has a pivotal role in human well-being, especially for women because it has serious implications for the health of their children. The present paper is an attempt to analyze the level of malnutrition among women in India. An inter-state comparison has also been made pertaining to women’s malnutrition. It also investigates into inter sector (i.e. rural-urban), social and economic inequalities pertaining to malnutrition among women in India.These issues have been addressed by analyzing the National Family Health Survey- (NFHS-4) data, 2015-16. It is essential to express, at the start, that the current paper has a constrained extension as it presents a fundamental factsheet on women’s lack of healthy sustenance in India and doesn't give a clarification or talk about the reasons for the current degrees of ailing health among women in India.

The Pandemic Corona Virus Disease popularly known as COVID-19 has
impacted not only the developing countries but the whole world. It has affected each aspect
whether it is Education, Economy, Social life, etc. In every sector we are adopting digital
technologies. The education sector has also adopted new paradigms for imparting
knowledge and skills. It has shifted itself from traditional medium to virtual classrooms.
All educational institutions at primary, secondary and college/ university levels are
adopting new pedagogies to cater to this situation and keep continuity in providing
knowledge to its students. Many research works have been done by researchers to know the
challenges of online education system. The present study summarises the challenges faced
by students in this virtual classroom environment. The researcher selected 16 papers and
articles published in various Journals, Scholarly Articles with the help of Google Scholar

The Pandemic Corona Virus Disease popularly known as COVID-19 has
impacted not only the developing countries but the whole world. It has affected each aspect
whether it is Education, Economy, Social life, etc. In every sector we are adopting digital
technologies. The education sector has also adopted new paradigms for imparting
knowledge and skills. It has shifted itself from traditional medium to virtual classrooms.
All educational institutions at primary, secondary and college/ university levels are
adopting new pedagogies to cater to this situation and keep continuity in providing
knowledge to its students. Many research works have been done by researchers to know the
challenges of online education system. The present study summarises the challenges faced
by students in this virtual classroom environment. The researcher selected 16 papers and
articles published in various Journals, Scholarly Articles with the help of Google Scholar.

In the era of digitalization everything is just a click away. The revolutionary
concept of globalization has made every information easily accessible. It is a platform that
provides a vast knowledge of every product in few seconds. The trend of digital marketing
and social media marketing has replaced the traditional marketing methods as well as
advertisements methods. The traditional methods of advertising, which are most credible
and authentic are turning old fashion in front of social media advertising. Since, social
media advertising are more convenient, easy to access and affordable, the shift has
endangered the survival of traditional methods. The methodology used is to study the
impact of social media advertising on traditional methods of advertising and how people
are moving towards modern advertising tools. This is a descriptive analysis to understand
the connectivity between the media and the users. The results demonstrate that sharing of
advertisements on Social Media increases its exposure as well as its attractiveness but it is
still not as trustworthy as the traditional media platforms. To accomplish this research the
researcher will use survey method in which the sample of 100 participants from media
department of Chandigarh University will be taken into consideration.

Animated Films have been applauded and have garnered much fan following
and acclaim owing to their creativity. The stories in the films tend to have a lasting impact
on the minds of the audience and have influenced generations to take inspiration from the
characters and stories. The stories have effected traditions, cultural values and gender
norms across societies.
It is in the wake of the huge impact that these films tend to exercise on the minds of the
audience especially the impressionable children, thereby shaping their moral and value
systems, that the films are often subjected to a lot of scrutiny in their role in the lives of the
audience and their effect on their thought processes. These films, especially from the
yesteryears, have been ridiculed for their glorification of male machismo and portrayal of
female lead as a damsel in distress that requires saving by the hero of the film. Also the
cliched depiction of beauty standards is another factor that adds to the ridicule.
This study examines the popular animated films from Hollywood and studies the depiction
of the female lead in the films. The study finds that there has been a lot of difference in
how the female lead was depicted in old times and the female lead in the animated films in
recent years. This signals a paradigm shift in the way women are represented in films and
kind of influence they have on the societal values

Green technologies issues have been receiving more attention in contemporary
era of globalization. Nowadays, green manufacturing (GM) has become popular among
manufacturing industries, especially in developing countries as it can assist in achieving
higher performance of production industry. Bibliometric analysis on GM has been
performed to explore the evidence based statistical comparison of published research in
this domain. The present research is focused on presenting a bibliometric analysis of 461
manuscripts which were downloaded from Scopus database using the keyword “Green
manufacturing” in article title. The comparative analysis of GM publication of three top
countries i.e. China, India and US is presented. The visualized keywords analysis is
performed using VOSviewer analytical tool for global trends as well as for Indian research
scenario. The present work investigates the quantum of work performed by Indian
researchers on different research concepts of green manufacturing using NVivo software.
The outcomes of network analysis explore and justify the research gap in the field of green
manufacturing.

Advertisement plays important role within the present era of data explosion.
Celebrity endorsement may be a channel during which a star acts as a spokesperson of
the brand. Celebrities performances give spectacular results when shaping the
common opinion because people have faith in their favourites. Celebrity may be
a generic name for the person from any field of popular industry like filmmaking,
sports, politics, social life, science, or theatre with some extraordinary results of
excellent cause and positive value.
In ever growing competitive market Celebrities testimonial and advice are the best tool
available for marketing. The celebrity Endorsement creates the best impact in the
global market for building brand reputation. This research paper specifically discusses
about how endorsement of product by celebrity effect consumers’ purchasing
decisions.

COVID-19 has hit the global economy and the emotions of the world stock
market tremendously. Indian Financial market faced a deep steep based on global cues
and just before the lockdown in India. Sharp volatility was observed on daily basis but
since long an underperforming pharmaceutical sector substantially increased globally
based on news. The research tries analysing how positive news has helped pharmaceutical
sector stocks to become multibaggers during pandemic. The sample period taken for the
study is 6 months from (January, 2020- June, 2020) three months before lockdown and
three months after lockdown in India. The index was 41, 306 on January 1, 2020 and on
the day of lockdown March 25, 2020 index has fallen to 28, 535 but still it helped
pharmaceutical sector to grow substantially.

Reality shows are very popular amongst Indian Audience these days. Reality
show is a television programme in which ordinary people or participants are filmed
continuously. These programmes are totally entertainment based. Bigg Boss, KBC, Indian
Idol, Splitsvilla and Super Dancer are the popular Indian TV Reality Shows. But our
research paper will focus on Bigg Boss only. The major objective of the paper is to identify
the influence of Indian TV Reality Shows on the individual behaviour of the Audience.
The research tool will be telephonic Interview of the audience. Audience belongs to
Chandigarh University only.

In today competitive era, organizations are focusing to reduce the overworking
and optimize their process activities. The planning of inventory is a challenge task for any
manufacturing industry. In present work, the effect of reduction in cycle time on the
inventory has been investigated in the automobile manufacturing industry. A comparison
analysis is performed which the reduction in inventory cost of raw material and bought out
parts. The average of inventory cost is calculated after and before the reduction of cycle
time. The micro level analysis is performed on customer plan to breakdown the
requirement on day basis. A case study is demonstrated to validate the findings of present
work.

Everything can be regained except the human body. Once it is lost, it can not be
obtained. It clearly shows the importance of health. So health is an important component
for the development of the society. ‘Health for All’ is one of the major objectives of the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030. But in the year 2020 health is adversely
effected by COVID-19. As a result major health issues are pushed to back seat and it
became secondory for administration, for governments as well as for society too. Punjab is
also facing major health issues like drug addiction, cancer, tuberoculosis and other daily
pertaining health issues. Most of these issues are ignored because of COVID-19. This
pandemic compelled all governments and health workers to focus on COVID management.
This sitution not only effecing the masses general health, but also affects psychologically
and socially. It has affected the peoples’ behaviour and social dimensions also. The major
objectives of this study to know about role of media during COVID-19 and setting the
health agenda for masses and secondly trying to set up inter relationship between health
and communication. Researcherss have interviewed different health workers to analyse
their mind set about health and related issues. Also analysied government running
COVID-19 related schemes as secondary data. The study concludes that during COVID-19
health communication by health workers was completely focused on pandemic awarness
and precautions, but all other health issues are not on priority. Surprisingly majority of
grass root health workers are not aware of SDGs and health related targets. They are using
traditional along with digital mediums of communication. In one line it can be concluded
that, this year life survival is important rather than health agenda for all.

After the liberalization of the Indian economy in 1992, the wave of globalization
benefitted Indian Financial services and individuals. However, Tier-II cities of India
participated in this rally by the final part of the decade. Financial literacy is an important
aspect in making a well-informed decision in the highly dynamic and convoluted market.
Financial crisis can be attenuated under Financial literacy. In the current era of
automation, the convoluted global economy increases the risk spectrum of the individual.
Keeping in mind the large population of India works in the shambolic sector with
minimum social security. As the Government withdrew pension schemes from government
jobs, financial security will be a huge concern for our population. Personnel financial
management will be effective as well as efficient if only financial literacy is acquired by
individuals. Personal Financial management includes financial literacy and Household
saving patterns of individuals. In this study, we try to identify and analyze the level of
financial literacy and its relationship with the demographic profile of the salaried class and
analyze the household saving pattern of the salaried class of Tier II city. Analysis of
variance method used for establishing the relationship between financial literacy and
demographic profile of the sample. The findings of the study imply that Financial literacy
is independent of age and monthly income but not independent from family responsibility.
The finding also suggests a change in household saving patterns as the age of individuals
increases. This study would help in adopting appropriate strategies to improve the level of
personal financial management for individuals.

Digital Media is always a unique platform for spreading information and using
communication technologies in effective ways. As per transmission and impact of
information, traditional media (Newspaper, Radio & Television) focus to attention and
feedback towards the public. On the other hand Digital Media is not only providing the
platform for quick reaction but it makes the user more connected towards content by the
changes and usage of information in dynamic ways. During the crises or special circumstance
like pandemic digital media played crucial role because of usage and amplifying the
information and news regarding COVID-19. This study aims to bring out the impact and role
played by digital media during the pandemic and health crises. As per reports the
communication technologies especially digital platforms of news are used and viewed at a
big scale during this medical emergency around the world. It has been more powerful in
professional and business role in democratic countries and liberal nature of media industry
like India. This is very clear by the numbers and records of growth in content publishing and
advertising profit also.

Music is considered as one of the oldest forms of expression. It is a universal
language which is always used by the educators, students, activists as a way of community
protest against the governments or the authorities. Protesting through the music has
become one of the media where people chooses musical notes as a way be vocal and loud
for the oppression. A way of reaching people at large and where people can be educated,
informed, motivated and to raise consciousness both emotionally and intellectually. The
music is a way of bringing social change and social justice to the society at large.
The paper aims to understand the ability of the music in the on going farmer’s protest in
Delhi against the Centre Government for the New Agriculture bill

A news portal is an access point to news through internet service. This is
generally thought of as a Internet connection to a news source but the definition of a
“Portal” would include a newspaper, magazine or any other access to news which is also a
part of media convergence today. Many news portals in India have evolved in the last
decade and because of internet service these portals have active users. In the study the
content has been analysed which is disseminated through given news portals.The response
of the users and its impact has been analysed through content analysis. As political parties
mostly utilize the online platforms to flow the persuasive message to the mass. In many
scenario like political campaigning and image building news worthy information is
disseminated through such portals.News portals such as The Wire, The Print and The
News Laundry has a wide range and active users in India. Mostly youngsters are using
these portals through instagram nowadays. [1]Their daily interviews, news analysis has
been seen as the effective content to which users respond and give feedback in real time
itself.The study has been conducted around these three news portals and the content has
been analysed to study the appeals, likes, comments in political communication.

Cornoavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was announced a "pandemic" by the
World Health Organization (WHO) towards the beginning of March 2020 which began
spreading from the Wuhan city of China. On worldwide level each nation has taken an
unbelievable measure to battle the difficult spread of the continuous episode. In India, the
case is most exceedingly terrible as India second on the worldwide file with most elevated
number of corona cases. Be that as it may, each state in the underlying stage found a way
to battle against the spread of Covid-19. This paper is aimed to dissect the degree of
mindfulness and readiness to battle against COVID-19 by the distinctive Indian states
through mindfulness crusades.

The research is needed more across “consumer” correlates than the
“manufacturer” and “retailer” based correlates as these constitute the most significant
aspects that could probably shape the market shares and success of branding across multitier
private labels being promoted by organized food retailers. Store based offering of
diverse food product categories (spices, grains, flours, ingredients, pulses, refined oils and
cooking medium, tea and beverages, commodiments) seem to have brought the retailer in
direct competition with manufacturer brand. In this regard the research leverages the
structural equation modeling approach to ascertain the differences in propensity to adopt
private labels on account of changes in grocery nature (pulses, spices, dairy, snack, oil,
grain). The research study relied on Likert scale based pre validated scales to
operationalize the factors. The sample size of 600 was undertaken with a valid sample size
of 438. Across grocery segments, contrasting observations were reported. The impact of
product attributes, consumer psychographics, store efforts and restraining forces was
evident in varying proportions.Contribution: The research findings promote the earlier
studies under the umbrella of „cue utilization‟ theory, „planned behavioral‟ prospects,
„expected utility‟ prospects and „self-perception‟ theory. In terms of knowledge creation,
the outcomes extend the resource-based theory and behavioral basis of marketing in
retailing arena. In terms of theoretical consequences, the research outcomes reflect the
incidence of impact of positional strategies as key to competitiveness on day to day basis.

The term media is not just restricted to news dissemination whereas it has a
broader spectrum with the help of various platform and audience are always presume to be
passive and strongly get effected and influence by the media message so there are chances
that the social advertising campaign work as a strong media message and influence the
behavior of the receptive audience. The idea of social marketing as an applied concept is
commonly used worldwide as an approach to attempt to guide people to follow socially
responsible practices and enhance public welfare As part of social marketing, social
advertising must be referred to as social awareness advertising, which focuses mainly on
social problems such as national integration, pollution, family advertising. The primary
purpose of this type of public service advertising is to educate the masses through hard
hitting educational messages Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 250 individuals
using a framework questionnaire to understand the efficacy of these social movements to
examine their effects on society as a whole.

The world is very fast especially after the COVID 19 Pandemic take over the charge to
rule the daily lives of society all over the world. People spend most of their time during
lockdown watching mobile phones , uploading pictures , clicking pictures as smart phone
is become one of the most powerful tool to click pictures & upload it on different social
platforms instantly. Picture actually speaks more than a text whatever we eat or drink,
wherever we go, family selfies, whosoever joins us is all on digital platforms. Even the big
Industries of Modern Media, also do’s the same reason is simple, the impact the
photographs on society on daily basis. The researcher will study the impact of photographs
being published by considering various aspects of aesthetical impact of ongoing farmers
protest in India, against the farmers’ bill proposed by the Govt. of India. Researcher used
the Comparative analysis of 7 different profiles & publication houses to establish the
research to analyze a different perspective in it.

GDP growth in Vietnam, controlled inflation and population growth around 1% (2018) are
positive figures to encourage business operation of Saigon Beer Western JSC. (WSB).
Fluctuation of stock price in F&B firms such as WSB in Vietnam will reflect the business
health of F&B industry and consuming economy. Good business management requires us
to consider the impacts of multi macro factors on stock price, and it contributes to
promoting business plan and economic policies for economic growth and stabilizing
macroeconomic factors. By data collection method through statistics, analysis, synthesis,
comparison, quantitative analysis to generate qualitative comments and discussion; using
econometric method to perform regression equation and evaluate quantitative results, the
article analyzed and evaluated the impacts of six (6) macroeconomic factors on stock price
of a joint stock F&B company, Saigon Beer Western JSC (WSB) in Vietnam in the period
of 2014-2019, both positive and negative sides. The results of quantitative research, in a
seven factor model, show that the decrease in CPI and increase in lending rate has a
significant effect on decreasing WSB stock price with the highest impact coefficient, the
second is increasing the risk free rate. This research finding and recommended policy also
can be used as reference in policy for commercial bank system in many developing
countries.

One of the indicators which points toward the inclination of consumers for buying green products is the amount of literature which can be seen all around, it has increased manifold. Attitudes of consumers and their perception are closely related, attitudes get heavily influenced by the perceptions a buyer has towards anything. Major influencers of perceptions range from information in media, both electronic and print not excluding social media. Another influencer is peers and they play key role in it. This research intends to investigate as to how consumer attitudes can be utilized to predict consumer behavior towards buying green products. The available data and its consequent analysis points towards an heavy impact of awareness in the buyers towards buying green products. Its beyond reasonable doubt to conclude that the awareness amongst consumers has shaped their perception and thus has altered their buying behavior. The marketers will be largely benefited from further research in such field. The research intended to identify newer areas of influence will lead to major benefits to marketers.

Self Help Groups act as major tool now a days for Financial Inclusion and Poverty Allevation. It is an efficient and effective tool for the Socio-Economic upliftment of the poor population lives in villages. This study has been conducted to address the problems of the members of SHGs in the highly populated districts of Punjab. Total of 20 SHGs were covered for the study and 250 members have been selected for questionnaire filling and personal interview. The study highlights the major problems faced by the rural poor like Social problems, financial problems, Personal problems, Economic Problems which are acting as a hurdle in Empowerment and Upliftment. For interpretation of data collected some statistical tools like percentage method and tests like Chi Square have been used to find out ifthere is any association in the selected two attributes.

There is a need to cut down CO2 emissions by at least 45% by the year 2030 to attain a net zero. There is a need around the globe for a wide ranging shift to a low carbon foot print economy with a view to restrict the rising earth temperature status within 1.5 to 2 degrees. To achieve this objective one needs to support technological shifts and advances as well implementation of government policies on climate controls in the form of carbon taxes, green growth policies. Green bonds are instruments aimed at encouraging sustainability and to help build up on projects focused at environmental protection and implementing other climate related projects. The paper aims at studying comprehensively the global operation of green bond markets and its ongoing development. The result predicts that there is positive impact of these projects on the sustainable development. Use of Renewable Capacity From Solar, Wind And Hydro Technologies has been used that decreases Co2 Emission and thus significantly impacting the environment.

Ecological consciousness is increasing in society with every passing day. The factors that influence purchase behavior of green products need deeper understanding. The reason is that the underlying dynamics behind people’s buying behavior for green products is not easy difficult comprehend. This study attempts to investigate the impact of peer interaction on the green perceived value and the influence of ecological consciousness on green buying behavior amongst people of diverse demographic characteristics. The primary data has been collected from respondents using structured questionnaire from the students of universities and schools and teachers and other employees of varied socioeconomic characteristics. Statistical tools such as t-test, ANOVA and Post Hoc test for multiple-comparisons are employed for analysis. The present study finds that peer interaction has greater influenceon the younger generation towards purchase of green products. The study also investigates green buying behavior stimulated by ecological consciousness among persons of varied demographic characteristics

Securities exchange is one of the most adaptable parts in the budgetary framework of a country, and Stock Market assumes a significant job in economic advancement. Securities exchange is a center point where facilities are given to the speculators to buy and sell their Shares, Bonds and Debenture and so forth. In Stock Market different organizations are inclined to their undertaking through public issuesBombay Stock Exchange (BSE), the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Calcutta Stock Exchange (CSE) are the recorded stock market in India. These three are biggest Indian Stock Market. But now Indian economy is facing a problem i.e. Corona virus. Corona virus or COVID19 are an enormous group of infections that can cause sicknesses running generally in seriousness. Its 1st case was recorded in Wuhan city, China. After that the disease spreads around the world and on 21st January 2020, India records its first case of COVID19. This virus has drastically affected the world's economy. Before corona virus phase, average NSE index nifty 50 was near to 12000 points and BSE SENSEX was around 41000 points. But from 21st January to 31st march, NIFTY 50 and SENSEX were massively down by 31.954% and 31.1769% respectively

The objectives of this study were to examine the organic food consumption pattern and purchase intention of consumers towards organic food. Respondents were selected by using stratified convenience sampling method. The data was collected from Delhi (National capital Region). Out of 500 respondents personally interviewed, 442 questionnaires were completed and suitable for further analysis. Frequency distribution, percentage and cross tabulation were used as statistical tool to analyze data with the help of SPSS. The finding of the study reveled thatthe consumption of organic products has increased tremendously during last five years.Herbs, spices, pulses, vegetable, fruits and cereals were consumed frequently by the respondents. Specialized organic stores considered as most preferred place to buy organic food followed by karyana store, supermarket, and vegetable market. Majority of respondents come to know about organic food through Word-of-mouth communication followed by specialised organic food store, foreign visits. Internet, newspaper and magazine are major source of information for nutritional and safety updates. Organic India was the most preferred organic brand followed by 24 letter manta, Morarka and Sanjeevani. The study suggested that for improving awareness regarding organic food, the marketers and producers should conduct health campaigns, public lectures, and use print media and internet as effective tool to enhance the awareness about organic food among common people.

Social media has deeply penetrated into spaces of our lives. Our every little necessity is now just a click away which has made our lives comparatively much easier and convenient. Social media provides a new dimension to artists and learned people to share their art and knowledge. It covers update and knowledge of everything like health, politics, discovery, invention, science, mathematics and education. Since education is the sector which is largely influenced by social media tools, this research focuses on the how social media tools are harnessing education and learning process particularly ‘YouTube’. It is an inevitable fact that human brain processes images 60,000 times faster than text and the 90% of information transmitted to brain is visual. YouTube has proved to be an effective educational tool as it connects academicians, educators and researchers from all over the world and provide interesting, knowledgeable and engaging content which has added a new dimension to education by making it innovative as well as creative. The research method will be a study of focus groups divided in four categories i.e. elementary students, High school students, Graduation and academicians and educators.

Amul is one of the top leading food brands in India. It is the brand due to which white revolution took place in India. At that time, Amul managed to associate village people to work for the brand and provide milk to their organisation which made Amul the top dairy product brand of the country. The marketing and advertising also helped the company to become the largest milk producer in India. The concept of using mascot Amul girl is one of the innovative ad campaigns. The marketing strategy used by the company is to create doodles on current happening. It helped brand to keep their target audience engaged. Amul creates illustrations on current events/ awareness issues and communicates through newspapers or social platforms to the consumers. Presently when there is a complete lockdown in the world due to COVID-19, the brand is spreading awareness on Coronavirus. It is dedicating its doodles to frontline fighters or people working from home to motivate them for their work. In this case study, the researcher closely observed the Amul campaign before and during the lockdown. The researcher analysed the Amul doodles posted in last 3 months that is February, March and April.

This study aims to evaluate the factors affecting the satisfaction of citizen when using online public services through data collected from direct surveys of people. Research results show that Quality of online public services, Citizen's awareness, Privacy and security, Trust and accessibility affect citizen's satisfaction when using online public services. Based on these results, the study also gives some discussion and governance implications for researchers as well as policy-makers in improving citizen's satisfaction as well as attracting more users for online public services in Vietnam context.

Oral questioning is an essential element in the process of teaching mathematics. However,
not much is known about what oral questioning skills are commonly used by mathematics
teachers in teaching mathematics in primary schools. Thus, this study is qualitative takes
the form of a case study of two study participants who have been selected using purposive
sampling, conducted in a primary school in Negeri Sembilan. This study uses observation
methods and field notes to collect data. The data obtained are analyzed using thematic and
descriptive analysis to obtain information on the oral questioning skills used and the
frequency of oral questions used by two mathematics teachers with different teaching
experiences. The results show that these two mathematics teachers often use questioning in
mathematics teaching, but that there is no significant difference between them in terms of
frequency of the use of questioning. The study also found that both study participants used
various oral questioning skills in teaching mathematics. This study is a preliminary study
designed to enable general aspects of questioning skills in mathematics teaching to be
identified and to guide future studies on oral questioning.

Sportswear is now a major and relevant debate among student athletes as it suits their
unsophisticated lifestyle, versatility and ease. Brand loyalty is regular purchases of
possessions or amenities or other beneficial habits in marketing, such as word of mouth.
Therefore it is vital for the sportswear company to determine and monitor the factor of
brand loyalty among their consumer. The objective of this study is to examine the factor of
brand loyalty such as brand name, product quality, price, style, store environment,
promotion and services quality that influences choice of sportswear among student athletes
in term of gender. There were were 108 student athletes form Universiti Teknologi Mara
(Perlis campus) willing to participate in this study. The study design selected in this study
was survey research design, quantitatively. Researcher has used the Statistical Package for
the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 23, to evaluate inferential statistics of Independent TTest.
The result of this study report that there was a significant difference of promotion
factor between gender. Moreover, male student athletes were highly influenced by
promotion factor compare to female student athletes. In conclusion, the researcher found
that promotion was the prominent factor of brand loyalty among male student athletes in
Universiti Teknologi Mara, UiTM (Perlis campus).

There are many approaches in teaching history subject in school, but which approach will
be used in developing patriotism values among students. In this research, teachers act as
learning managers should make systematic planning first. Such planning should be
processed when writing daily lesson plans by recording strategies of various approaches.
The strategies used should be appropriate to the topic to be taught and not limited to a
single strategy in a teaching session. The application of the strategies that have been
determined needs to be comprehensive and integrated by implementing knowledge, skills
and values at once. The flexible, creative, innovative and able to strengthen the teaching
and learning of teachers is the backbone of the effectiveness of this diversity approach. The
ability of teachers knowing the strategies, approaches, methods and techniques in teaching
patriotism values is in questions. The research is a quantitative research based on
strategies, approaches, methods and techniques as independent variables, while the
patriotism values as the dependent variables. The research is based on three research
objective developed from literature reviews. Survey questionnaires based on independent
and dependent variables is developed. The total population is 974 history teachers in
Selangor state and 278 sample had been selected. The data were analyzed using descriptive
and multiple regression analysis. The finding shows that the level of implementation of
strategies, approaches, methods and techniques is moderate among the form 4 history
teacher. It is important for teachers to equip themselves with the knowledge and skills of
implementing diversify history teaching approach for high impact on patriotism values
among students. The level of patriotism values among history teacher is also moderate.
However, the strategies, approaches, methods and techniques are significantly influencing
the history teacher preparedness on patriotism values during teaching and learning in
classroom

The difficulty faced by people with disabilities (PWDs) in the job market is an
issue that must be taken seriously. Career transition is a program that can provide an
opportunity for students with disabilities (SWDs) to acquire relevant skills and gain work
experience before entering the real world of work. Through the career transition program
(CTP), the SWDs will undergo an internship program for a specified time after mastering
the required job-related skills. However, family engagement is important in ensuring the
success of this program. Family engagement included three aspects which are family
involvement, family empowerment, and family preparation. The internship at the actual
workplace has provided the platform for the SWDs not only to experience real working life
but also to build their capabilities that meet the requirements and demands of the
employers, this article discusses how families need to understand their role in CTP so that
the internship program can have a positive impact on PWDs. Further research suggestions
are also discussed in this article.

Students at risk of dropping out intervention program (PIMBC) are an initiative of the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) in addressing the issue of students at risk of dropout. Guidance and Counseling Teachers (GBK) are responsible for planning and implementing this program. Therefore, GBK accountability practices through the define component should be identified in the implementation of PIMBC to achieve program effectiveness. A survey study used to review the level of accountability practices based on gender, duration of service and school location. This study involved 395 GBK people who teach in national secondary schools. Descriptive analysis and inference analysis involving t-test and One-way ANOVA test is used in data analysis. The findings of the study showed that the mean for the define component was 4.03 while the t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the genders. On the other hand, for the duration of service and school location analyzed using one-way ANOVA showed no significant difference. The define component is the basis for GBK in program implementation and is able to influence efforts to achieve the program objectives.

The main objective of this paper is to focus on rebuilding the national economic by issuance of Sukuk Prihatin and using FinTech services for its distribution from the perspective of Maqasid Al-Shari'ah.The study using the qualitative method which based on library researches such as books, journals, articles and any other related materials.The findings of this research show the using of FinTech in the distribution of Sukuk Prihatin in rebuilding the national economy is in line with the doctrine of Maqasid Al-Shari'ah.  It can be concluded that the using of FinTech services in the distribution of Sukuk Prihatin in rebuilding the national economy is in line with the doctrines of preservation of religion (deen), preservation of life (nafs), preservation of intellect (‘aql), preservation of lienage (nasl) and preservation of wealth (maal) emphasized in Maqasid Al-Shari'ah.

A pilot study is imperative to test the questionnaire items, confirm and check the research instrument’s reliability to obtain the best items. This pilot research aimed to test the reliability of the developed public sector instrument and identify its weakness. The instrument was purposefully designed to recognise the factors that affect creativity and innovation in the Malaysian public sector and their influence on government agencies’ performance. The instrument included 90 items and was distributed to 120 civil servants from several ministries mostly located in Putrajaya and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The goal of this instrument was to measure five study constructs: individual creativity (IC), team creativity (TC), organisational innovation (OI), innovation processes (IP), and organisational performance (OP). The method employed to analyse the validity and reliability of the items and respondents in this study was derived from the Rasch Measurement Model Approach, which is far more valid and well-grounded than only relying on Cronbach’s Alpha output produced. The Winsteps version 3.73 was used to verify the items’ functionality in aspects such as the item’s reliability and separation of the item-respondent, polarity item, item fit in measuring constructs,item difficulty level, the respondent’s ability, and the standardised residual correlations. It also enabled the removal of items based on polarity items’ statistics and the item’s suitability. At the end of the analysis, it was established that there was a total of 9 items that were discarded because they did not meet the inspection criteria specified per the Rasch Model. A total of 81 items were recorded on the final instrument that could be used to measure the five constructs.

From time to time, maslahah is one of the sources of Islamic law that is often used after the death of Prophet Muhammad PBUH to develop Shariah principles in line with the needs and wants of human beings. In fact, this concept of maslahah is not something new as it was discussed previously by the classical and contemporary Muslim scholars. In addition, it becomes a key part that has been used in the determination of Shariah rules by Shariah advisors and experts in the matters that related to the benefits and needs of the people. The debate in general and the theory on this concept has laid a general basis and guide in applying it to current Islamic finance and banking issues. However, some scholars are on the opinion that the use of maslahahas a source of law today is found not to be fully comply with Shariah principles as outlined by the scholars of Islamic jurisprudence. Therefore, to maintain the resilience of Islamic financial and banking products, the standard criteria of maslahah must be determined and outlined wisely to avoid any future misuse of this concept pertaining to the Islamic law. Continuing from this issue, this study was conducted to analyze the application of maslahah in Islamic finance and banking and fatwa resolutions nowadays. Qualitative methods were used in this study with a library research approach. The collection of data includes sources of Islamic tradition such as classical and contemporary Islamic jurisprudence books. The process of analyzing the data is done using the content analysis method. The results of the study found that the concept of maslahah is primarily implemented in the context of Islamic finance and banking products and fatwa resolutions in Malaysia. Thus, it is also discovered that certain Islamic finance and banking products developed based on maslahah have fulfilled the maslahahstandard criteria stipulated by the Islamic law. This study is important in assisting the Shariah advisors and experts to determine the benchmark of maslahah concept that can be applied in Islamic finance and banking products and fatwa resolutions.

The aim of this paper is to capture the essence of the timeless wisdom imparted by Indian  scriptures and philosophy and use its wisdom for answering the novel consumerism in the wake of COVID-19 and provide a sustainable solution to the materialism ridden society. This paper addresses the issue of the new face of consumerism during the onset of COVID-19 in the perspective of ‘Aparigraha’ as taught by the ancient scripture Bhagwad Gita. Across the world people and governments are grappling with the issue of nouveau consumerism which is laden with hoarding, exploitation of resources, greed and materialism. Since the outbreak of the pandemic COVID-19, there has been a slowdown in economy, downturn in the morale of people and stress is looming large among the masses. A new face of consumerism has already started emerging wherein people have become more conscious about their food habits, health, exercise and spending on consumables. In the COVID-19 era when the global economy has slowed down, the age-old philosophy as mentioned in verse 10 of Chapter 6 of Srimad Bhadwad Gita provides a ready solution. 

This Study uses descriptive analysis by using the Delone and McLean Model which is used to predict the success of academic information systems in several universities in Bali. By using a simple random sampling technique obtained a sample of some universities in Bali such as Universitas Mahasaraswati, Warmadewa and Dhyna Pura. The collection of data was conducted by questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis was done using Path Analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result shown that there is a positive relationship between the quality of the system with the use and satisfaction of users, a positive relationship between the quality of information with the use and satisfaction of users, a positive relationship between the quality of service with the use and satisfaction of users, a positive relationship between the use and satisfaction of users, a positive relationship between use and satisfaction users of net benefits. Thus, it can be concluded that all hypotheses are accepted

The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of brand perceived quality on unique value prepositions, to test and analyze the effect of product brand image on unique value prepositions, to test and analyze the effect of confidence of place on unique value prepositions, to test and analyze the effect of unique value preposition to customer loyalty. This research is a quantitative research with descriptive statistics. The approach used is the survey method. In this study, the respondents were 243 consumers of SMEs products in Tangerang City. Data collection in this study was carried out by means of questionnaires and interviews. Based on the calculation, it can be concluded that brand perceived quality is positive and significant. affect unique value preparation, product brand image positively and significantly affect unique value preparation, confidence of place has a positive and significant effect on unique value preposition, value preposition has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty.

In the era 4.0 industrial revolution the development of digital-based information and communication technology is increased. This needs to be used as best as possible to support the education and learning process, especially Islamic Religious Education. This study uses a qualitative research approach, this paper examines in depth the use of e-learning in learning at Senior High School in Tangerang, as an effort to respond to the presence of the 4.0 industrial revolution era with all the developments and advancements it brings. This paper concludes that the use of e-learning in Senior High School in Tangerang learning is intended to support learning activities so that learning becomes more innovative, interesting, fun, and not monotonous. In the application of e-learning, Senior High School in Tangerang implements a blended-learning system, which is a combination of face-to-face and distance learning. As for the implementation stage, Senior High School teachers in Tangerang have taken important stages related to the implementation of e-learning which includes need analysis, making instructional designs, using and developing e-learning stages, and evaluation.

Management education is currently facing new challenges that arise as a result of globalization, technological developments and weak ethics. This study aims to map the information technological competency and work readiness of accounting students and their influence on student self-efficacy in the digital era.
This research used a quantitative approach. The respondents of this research were 106 students of the Accounting Study Program at Faculty of Economics Yogyakarta State. Data was collected using a semi open ended questionnaire which was circulated to students online. The data obtained were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques through stages of reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. Path analysis is also used to analyze the direct and indirect effect of accounting students' information technological competency variables on work readiness and self-efficacy.
Based on the data analysis, it was concluded that the highest Work Readiness was owned by students at the age of 20 years. There were no significant differences between the Information technological competency, Work Readiness, and self-efficacy levels. Based on the path analysis test, it is concluded that there is a direct effect of Information technological competency on Self Efficacy (-0.021), however, the effect on self-efficacy is not mediated by Work Readiness.

Worldwide mission is asking for the organization to utilize creative plans to stay targeted. Each company assumes an indispensable process for progress, but it's far normal that there is one outstanding noteworthy department - Human Resources Management. In the prevailing international structures management, facts innovation is fully integrated into the HRM layout, replacing human belongings utilized by directors with digital human assets, E-HRM. It's far generally an a development that helps facts pushed (IT) digital HR the board, especially by way of improving web advancement. It is a framework for placing, deploying and using information for system control, and helps two of the maximum not unusual capabilities of HR education. The E-HRM Framework strengthens the HR capability of the Association via the Internet Innovation (Ruel et al., 2004). It gives regulatory guide to personnel running in institutions by means of exploiting the development of facts and creating concessions in and around representatives and on-board attention organizations. Nowadays, the hierarchical length of the E-HRM association is decided until the kid makes a decision whether an affiliation uses E-HRM.

Inclusive education acknowledges that individual students differ in their abilities and support that each student receives quality education irrespective of their abilities, disabilities, ethnicity, gender and age. In India generally students without disabilities are sent to regular schools and with disabilities are sent to special schools. At present efforts are being made to make education inclusive in nature. Inclusive education means that all children, regardless of their strength or weaknesses are accommodated in a school and become part of the same school community. Inclusive and quality education for everyone is a fundamental human right acknowledged by international nongovernmental organizations and governments that, through policies and conventions, intend to make sure that all students, especially vulnerable populations, like students with disabilities, have access to compulsory primary education (UNESCO, 2005). Since people in students’ environment can significantly influence the process of inclusion in regular schools, disabled women students and their perceptions with special abilities are recognized as playing a key role. Normative Survey method was adopted for this study. The sample consists of 142 disabled women students from Salem, Districts in Tamilnadu. The investigator used purposive sampling technique for selecting the sample from the population. The data were analyzed by descriptive and differential analyses. The major finding of this study revealed that the women disabled students have average opinion and below average mental health towards the inclusive education.

The world economy is experiencing rapid changes with globalisation playing a predominant role. The Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC) is the product of several events. IORA contains 22 member nations. The Indian Ocean is one of the major link for international trade and sea transport. Indian Ocean RIM accounts for 2.7 billion population of the world, rich in cultural, languages, religions, traditions, arts ,cuisines and economic development with diversity. The main objective of this paper is to analyse Causality between GDP, Exports and Imports: Evidence from Indian Ocean RIM Associations Member Nations. This paper analyse the relationship between GDP, Export and Import of Indian Ocean RIM Association member nations since 1980 using the Uni Root Testing, Co-Integration and Granger Causality.

Purpose: The rising importance of healthcare service quality in the literature led us to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the said area of interest. It aims to investigate the trends and patterns happened in the literature of service quality in healthcare service.
Data Source: Scopus database was used to conduct the 4689 papers for bibliometric analysis.
Method: VOSviewer software was used to evaluate the research papers associated with healthcare service quality. The Publication trend was analyzed from the year 1969 to 2019 by using Scopus database. The number of documented retrieved and put into the analysis was 4689. The most productive and influential authors were identified. Co-authorship and Co-occurrence analysis were conducted.
Findings: Results of Co-authorship and Co-occurrence analysis revealed that the United States and the United Kingdom were leading the publication of documents related to healthcare service quality. Also, the keywords -service quality, satisfaction, healthcare, perception, expectation, performance and SERVQUAL were found to be most prominent in the literature.
Conclusion: The bibilometric analysis was conducted to identify the trends in the area of service quality of healthcare sector. The current study identified the publication trend which was potentially increasing and would be increasing in the future. M.Bahadori and Ramin Ravangard were the most influential authors found. Also, co-authorship and co-occurrence analysis was performed to evaluate the countries which are performing at the front and keywords used in the literature.

The foreign policy of George W. Bush towards Iran and its connection with the 2009 Green Movement in the country is not a broadly studied area in international relations. Different scholars have emphasized various aspects of his policy, hence there is no consensus on its exact nature. Though some of them have made references to the policy of regime change, various aspects related to it including the manner and details of implementation are not fully explored. Apart from that, public diplomacy played a crucial role in the Green Movement as part of the United States’ (U.S.) policy. In the context of public diplomacy, direct and indirect engagement was used to influence public opinion in Iran. This paper explores the policy of regime change taken by the US towards Iran which resulted in the green movement, and the role that direct and indirect engagement played to facilitate it as part of public diplomacy.

This paper examines the impact of using creative accounting practices on external financing processes and the priorities available to Turkish manufacturing firms in achieving equilibrium reporting strategies for external financing at the lowest possible cost. Following a literature review, creative accounting practices are measured to demonstrate steady earnings streams as an income smoothing strategy in Big Bath theory's scope using unexpected accruals to justify external financing. Since the management can maintain its presence at the lowest costs resulting from economic fluctuations in the Turkish market, the firm priorities for external financing are determined rationally to fund capital expenditures or finance operations sustainably without depleting financial resources by adopting equilibrium reporting strategies represented by the creative accounting practices. The paper data are collected from 143 Turkish manufacturing firms listed in the Istanbul Stock Exchange using the Orbis database in 2015-2019. Multipleregression is used to test hypotheses. The study concluded that unexpected accruals are significantly related to external financing to achieve sustainable growth, but it is not strong enough. Some determinants have a positive moderating effect on the negative relationship between earnings management and external financing needs. This paper provides new insights into the Turkish market regarding managers priorities for creative accounting practices. It gives broader horizons to research some of the determinants that may affect the relationship between creative accounting practices and external financing.

Environmental protection is an issue of vital importance to tourism, because the environment is not only a condition for tourism activities but also a decisive factor for that tourism attraction. If tourism can be developed thanks to tourism attraction, the environment plays an important role in this development, especially in the trend of sustainable tourism development. In particular, the environmental protection should be seen from the perspective of studying the capacity of the tourist destination so as not to lead to overload, negative impacts, and impacts on the landscape and living environment. The paper results mention some suggestions based on analysing and comparing other research and data. It is necessary to take into consideration regarding ecotourism in order to keep tourism much more sustainable.

In today's era, tourism has not only become a popular phenomenon, but also become a spearhead economic sector, as well as bringing huge financial resources to many countries, regions and territories around the world in which have Vietnam. Not only that, but tourism also creates many jobs, promotes the development of service industries in general, develops infrastructure and is also a means of promoting peace, cultural exchange; thereby creating intangible but durable values. Vietnam is a promising land with tourism traditions that are always associated with natural destinations, beaches, historical and cultural relics. Therefore, it is very important to focus on building and developing tourism destinations, at the same time building the right strategies suitable for each specific destination, contributing to development of the country. The paper is completed by analyzing and comparing the data of recent and previous research paper. The results show that Vietnam needs to have more practical solutions to make tourism industry much stronger.

Unemployment of youth has been a serious problem in the state of Assam over a long period of time. As per the data released by Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE), the unemployment rate of Assam in January 2016 was 5.9 and 4.0 in November 2020. In December 2020 the rate started rising and touched the figure of 7.6. The lockdown of economic activities due to Covid-19 Pandemic has worsened the situation. To tackle this issue Assam Government has given priority to skill development and promotion of entrepreneurship in the state. Assam Skill Development Mission has been playing an important role in enhancing skill of youths to increase employability and promote entrepreneurship in Assam since 2017. ASDM is working with many training partners covering all the 33 districts of Assam and also encouraging industries to collaborate with the government for industry integrated training and placement. Although these initiatives are quite appreciative, still the youths of Assam are facing some challenges which cause hindrance in getting their employment. Therefore, it is very important to study the impact and outcome of various training programs under ASDM on youth in getting employment. Moreover the current crisis situation due to COVID-19 has taken way jobs of many and left them unemployed. This study will help to know about different initiatives taken by ASDM in providing employment through skill development and to understand its impact and identify the problems which require serious attention of policy maker for sustainable solution.

Small and medium sized businesses with entrepreneur orientation have been developing rapidly in recent years creating the wealth for the nations and some of them often to lead becoming large global enterprises. As the phenomenon is progressing promptly, the interest in studying entrepreneur intention and the factors affecting to becoming entrepreneur in relation to the education and attitude. Numerous researches have been paid attention on investigating if the college program nurturing the intention of choosing entrepreneur or other factors contribute to boosting them to start own businesses among the college students as well as graduates. To contribute to the current field of the study, this study aims at researching different factors affecting the entrepreneur intention including some factors like attitude of the students, subjective norms, entrepreneur education and perceived behavior control using sample survey. The survey involved 568 business major college students. The results demonstrated that the personal attitude has a significant influence on entrepreneur intention as majority of participants expressed their willingness starting their own businesses despite potential challenges and opportunities they may face pursuing this career path. The determinants such as subjective norms and perceived behavior control both represented positive impacts on entrepreneurial intention of participants. Conversely, an entrepreneur education background or specifically the courses they completed so far on business related studies, in their view, had a slight impact in their entrepreneur intention

The article analyses under a descriptive and case study methodology the first economic impact results of the Small Business Development Center of Arica, a program financed by the Technical Cooperation Service (SERCOTEC). The preliminary conclusion of the article suggests that the first economic impact results show that the assisted enterprises in the Arica and Parinacota Region, especially in the agricultural segment exhibit certain similarities in most areas of business assistance that explain their positive performance in terms of increased sales.  It is also argued that the sustained capacity to identify new market opportunities and make efficient use of their productive resources - due to the local soil and climate conditions in the middle of the Atacama Desert - induce them to innovate permanently, stimulating the insertion of their products in more profitable markets, a fact that also explains their better economic performance.

The environment and its components are considered the vital environment in which humans live .Environment has become the concern of society as a whole .In addition, the goal of providing a safe environment for humans’ livelihood has become one of the priorities of countries at the global and domestic and national levels on equal basis. Every country undertakes the appropriate measures which preserve the environment in its region and enact the necessary legislations to achieve this purpose as well. The various state agencies are considered the bodies responsible for protecting the environment in their region. The administrative authorities, for example, have the powers granted by the law to preserve the environment and deter violations. Such measures are nothing but implementation of the teachings of the true religion (Islam) and its intact rules that dealt with this crucial issue in accordance with a number of long-standing jurisprudential rules which the work of the administrative control authorities does not deviate from its content during the implementation of the environmental protection in the state. The administrative control authorities play an effective role in achieving the goal of protecting the environment. Through conducting this study, we show the means of administrative control in protecting the environment according to the Islamic Sharia and the enforce law.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of internal audit in the Kurdistan public sector. This investigation is focused on ministries and organisations in Arbil, the capital and largest city of Kurdistan, as these are representative of all other sectors. The internal auditors of the selected public sector offices were the sources of the data, collected via a questionnaire. The findings of this study show a direct relationship between internal audit effectiveness and such factors as management perception, management support, organisational independence of internal auditors, adequate and competent internal auditor’s staff, and the presence of an approved internal audit charter. According to the regression output, management support, the existence of adequate and competent IA staff, and the availability of an approved IA charter contributed to the internal audit effectiveness in the public sector significantly and positively. The public sector offices should understand that the contributions of these variables were collectively significant in identifying non-compliance activities in their offices and adding value to internal audit effectiveness. One of the major motive behind changes in internal control is surrounded with vast activities of gross corporate misconducts (Mahmood et al., 2020). This study details the importance of public sector audit activity to effective governance and seeks to define the key elements needed to maximize the value the public sector audit provides to all levels of the public sector (shezad , hamawandy, 2020). Corporate governance mechanisms are one of most important factors which have effects on the firm performance because the managers have their own interests which are sometimes different from shareholders' interests (Al-Kake & Hasan, 2019).

This study investigates the role of financial reports in rationalising investment decisions in Iraq and the corporate stand on disclosure of financial information per the international accounting standards and aims at Demonstrate the Impact of Financial Reports in Rationalizing Investment Decisions, and it has a necessity in disclosure of A Set of Accounting and Financial Information and This Is What Will Help in Making Investment Decisions. The research was conducted through a systemic review methodology whereby a sample of 15 previous studies done on the topic were reviewed and secondary data used for analysis using SPSS. The research found out that sectorial financial reports are incredibly vital in informing the investors while making investment decisions in Iraq. Furthermore, the research found that full disclosure of financial statements, sufficiency, availability of financial reports, and investors' literacy of information in financial reports are vital factors in rationalising investment decisions in Iraq.

The embodiment of Islamic banking is so not the same as traditional banking, as it employments a risk-sharing procedure that provides a genuine opportunity to consider whether or not the way in which ordinary banking is attempted still remains the finest alternative, in all cases couple this with the fact that there has been increased globalisation of financial services, in recent years, and the opportunity to use Islamic financing principles in a wide range of countries is now much more relevant.Concerns have been raised about the activities of the conventional banking sector, particularly following the recent financial crisis. Accordingly, taking a gander at choices, for example, the Islamic financial area is a genuine chance to roll out appropriate improvements. Despite this, there are challenges confronting the Islamic banks in attempting to acquire general allure. One of the major issues is the fact that many Islamic banking establishments are dealing with developing countries which have their own set of challenges, especially in times of economic difficulties. Besides, the legitimate structures encompassing Islamic keeping money have not kept pace; As a result, many of the Islamic banking rules and regulations are outdated and will no longer help the core of how Islamic banks operate. With this in mind, it is proposed that a much stronger legal structure is needed to promote Islamic banking, and that, in the long run, Islamic banks are unlikely to gain widespread global acceptance. It takes time to persuade investors all over the world to change their ways, and trust must be earned. Nonetheless,, without having a legal structure in place, it is difficult to gain this level of confidence; therefore, getting the frameworks in place will be a crucial part of ensuring that the Islamic banking sector is in the appropriate place to benefit from a period of growth which is likely to take place as part of the recovery from the current economic position.

The study investigated the issue of judicial control over the appropriateness of the administration’s use of its discretionary power. The idea of appropriateness is the instrument through which the judiciary exercises control over the use of the discretionary power by the entity to which the system authorized it, as well as the appropriateness of the measures taken in some aspects in which the legislator granted the discretionary power for an entity to take the appropriate actions it deems appropriate.
The judiciary, through this control, can achieve a balance between what actions are taken and what the legal centers related to such actions can be affected therewith. This control is conducted with no specific controls for the idea of appropriateness in general, but it is applied to each case separately, and then it is reviewed by the judicial authority unilaterally.
The criterion of appropriateness is that the action that was conducted in accordance with the powers granted to a certain entity does not exceed the achievement of the intended goal, and did not abuse, overuse or underuse the powers granted to it by the legislator, and that the use of the said discretionary power was merely for the benefit of the public interest, according to the circumstances surrounding each time the entity uses its discretionary power. Actually, the idea of appropriateness is a changing idea, so the legal actions which are taken according to what the legislator has authorized any entity of whatsoever discretionary power, must be subjected to the judicial control according to the criterion of appropriateness.

Purpose: The primary goal of this study is to empirically analyze the influence of innovative culture and trust on intellectual capital and examine the impact of intellectual capital on organizational performance through the mediation effect of the performance measurement system in the aviation sector of Pakistan.
Methodology: The target population of the study comprises ground-level and aircraft staff from the aviation sector of Pakistan. The convenience sampling technique is used to collect the data. The pre-structured questionnaire is used to gather data is an indication that this is a quantitative study. SEM is used to measure the hypothesized model.
Findings: Using SEM in AMOS v22, the outcomes of the study show that organizations can efficiently improve their non-financial performance by measuring the main drivers of IC (i.e., trust and innovative culture).

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), waste management has emerged as a serious issue. Waste management is a day-to-day task in urban areas that requires a large workforce and affects the natural, budgetary, efficiency and social aspects. Lays; There are many methods for optimizing waste management such as using the nearest neighbor search, colony optimization, genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization methods, however, the results are still very vague and cannot be found in real systems, such as universities Or cities, to be used, IoT-based citizens' waste management applications make urban waste management practices more sustainable, optimizing waste collection routes based on the amount of garbage filled by sensors is one of the most effective applications. Finally, waste recycling management requires deeper cooperation between the public and private sectors; in this article, while examining waste management with the IoT approach, the importance of this issue is examined and, of course, suggestions are made for metropolitan areas.

The research was conducted to examine the performance of Sri Lanka's tourism industry. Secondary data was obtained from the annual reports of the Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority. The inefficiency in tourist arrival, total annual receipts and per day receipt from a tourist were estimated using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) between the periods from 1970 to 2019. And the factors influencing on the above tree inefficiencies were estimated combined with Cobb–Douglas frontier function under the assumption of half-normal distribution. The study found that the efficiencies were 86.2 %, 78.4 %, and 89.6 % respectively in tourist arrival, tourist receipts and per day receipts. The productivity of both the number of tourist arrivals and the overall reception of tourists was significantly (p<0.05) increased by the number of indirect jobs involved in tourism activities and the number of beds available for accommodation. Tourist arrival inefficiency could be substantially (p<0.05) improved by embarkation tax. Similarly, the number of international conferences held in BMICH significantly (p<0.05) had a negative impacted on the inefficiency of Sri Lanka's tourist arrival and tourism receipts. The present study revealed that growing investment in conference halls will create an opportunity to start more international conferences and symposiums to increase the efficiency of the tourism industry in Sri Lanka instead of investing more in rooms and direct recruitment to the tourism sector.

Informɑtion today is a valuable “commodity” which tradeable thus it has high market price because information can contribute significantly in the process of very important decision making especially for organization. The objective of this article is to analyze several variables that significantly affect the planning processes and policy implementation in information and technology resources management. To achieve its objective, this study employed content analysis and eventually formulates a model to be further emphasized in the theme of information technology management. This study found seven important points of view in order to create an effective as well as efficient activities in the organization by utilizing information, technology, infrastructure and comprehensive library and ends up with proper and well-made decisions by the top management.

Research on the protection of sea and island sovereignty according to Ho Chi Minh-style ideology is an issue that is of particular concern to the political and scientific circles at home and abroad because the dispute over sovereignty over the sea and islands in the South China Sea is increasingly complicated and drastic.
The article has focused on reflecting the issues of sea and island sovereignty protection - from the perspective of Ho Chi Minh; affirming Vietnam's stance: independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity are sacred inalienable rights.
The issue of protecting sovereignty in general, sovereignty of sea and islands in particular according to Ho Chi Minh is to uphold the above constant principle with the motto, and flexible method; with morality and style of President Ho Chi Minh: for the sake of the nation, conscientious, lifelong for the people for the country.

In the following article the significance of decorative-applied art in the educational process of higher education is analyzed based on the comparative data derived from different sources. The higher educational system of Uzbekistan is intensifying its efforts to consolidate the innovational technologies in the decorative art such as 5 Cutting-Edge Innovations, Decoration Technology of Tableware and others. Uzbek traditional technologies of decorative-applied art passes through the generations is indicated based on the relations of master and disciple.

Confidentiality in arbitration is its unique and exclusive advantage .It is also considered one of the factors that attract foreign investments whose disputes are often required to be resolved through arbitration. However, the international investments in which the state is a party, confidentiality does not have the same degree of commitment compared to the commitment to transparency in investment disputes. In international investment treaties, confidentiality should be excluded as foreign investments, in which the state is often a party, are always associated with the public interest of the host state, and is subject to the influences of public policy and public opinion, and hence transparency is an inevitable requirement.
Adopting transparency to the required extent in resolving disputes through arbitration and disclosure of its results and the progress of its procedures inevitably leads to the stability of capital and attracting more capital to the country incubating foreign investments, as long as such transparency is positive and fair. However, transparency and absolute disclosure cannot be adopted regarding the disputes raised in the field of commercial arbitration. As the reputation of the litigant parties and their financial positions are considerably and directly affected by what may be reported in terms of news. This may lead to tremendous economic losses and the reluctance to invest in such countries, and to other further negative consequences resulting from the absolute disclosure and announcement of everything that is raised thereof.
Accepting or rejecting transparency against confidentiality of arbitration, especially in the field of international investment, is not a recent disagreement, but rather an inherent disagreement between the two principles, confidentiality and transparency.

The article focuses on presenting human issues in Tran philosophy, through the viewpoints of human purpose, attitudes and actions; ethical values and intellectual and moral cultivation; about human life and death, imbued with the imprint of meditation, with typical thinkers such as Tran Thai Tong, Tue Trung Thuong si, and Tran Nhan Tong

This article discusses issues such as humanity, human dignity, the quest for the truth, self-education, singing the love for Allah, calling to the path of truth in Najmiddin Kubra’s rubai. His views on the moral education are analyzed based on his treatises. The contextual analysis of some rubais is conducted based on the books compiled by the sufi scholar.

The article analyzes the formation of oronyms of Kashkadarya region and the reflection of the natural conditions of the region in place names. This region is distinguished by the richness and diversity of oronyms in Uzbekistan. In this study, each of the major oronyms in the region is described geographically and etymologically. A total of 312 oronyms were collected on the basis of a 1: 100.000 scale topographic map of Kashkadarya region, which were studied in groups, and their geographical features were determined. The natural-geographical terms that formed the oronyms of Kashkadarya region are described.

The unorganized sector plays essential role in Indian economy in terms of employment generation and national domestic product. This sector carries 93 % of the total workforce, in which 79 % are poor and vulnerable section who work and live in contaminated condition and are affected with various chronic diseases. The affordability and accessibility of health services must be ensured for people as “Health is a Human Right”. Medical treatment is now beyond the reach of poor people who are working in the unorganized sector because of increasing costs. Health services are a big problematic issue for India, where a huge number of the population is living in the rural area below the line of poverty (BPL). The people and the Government of India have begun seeking various options for health financing to manage the arising problem of the cost of health care and changing the epidemiological pattern of disease. The research paper shows the issues of health care expenditure and related health problems of unorganized sector workers as well as the extent of utilizing schemes of health insurance are the integral aspects of the proposed research work.

This study analyzes the systematic approach of the literature review on Islamic-oriented instruments developed. Based on a survey conducted by the researcher, it was found that 15 instruments had been developed in Malaysia based on Islamic theories, models and muslim scholars. Most of the instruments that have been developed involve students at school, university, youth, adolescents, school administrators, and the appreciation of religion and the religiosity of the Muslim community in general. The analysis of the instruments formulated in this study is appropriate as a reference for Islamic researchers or organizations engaged in quantitative research in the selection of legitimate and reliable instruments and meeting research needs.

The main aim of business promotion is to magnify the awareness of products or services of the company with the target consumer groups, to build importance with stakeholders and, create brand fidelity among the competitors. Digital marketing provides broad access to explore the internet, digital media or any electronic platform as the medium for business promotion. Exclusively small-size businesses with digital technologies could able to focus on constructing a strong online presence in the world of the internet. This study focuses on various components of digital marketing like search engine marketing, Website optimization, Search engine optimization, Social media advertising, Pay-Per-Click advertising, Email marketing, Content marketing, etc.., To test the awareness level researchers have collects 150 responses that cover core aspects of digital marketing trends. This study shows that small business players are having a great level of awareness about the organic way of digital marketing and fruitfully utilizing the social media platforms for business promotion.

Purpose of the study: This study discusses questions associated with the creation and development of new techniques of teaching music people with visual impairments, rethinking the methods of teaching traditional disciplines in the education system which is based on introduction of music computer technologies (MCT). The question is raised about the need to develop specialized software for the blind in order to optimize the process of their musical education.
Methodology: In this work, we investigated the content aspects of the methodology of teaching musical disciplines with using MCT for music students with deep visual impairments: the content and methodological support for teaching these disciplines were developed, and methodological approaches for implementing the educational process in the practice of teaching visually impaired music students in secondary and higher educational institutions were determined.
Main findings: It was found that the study of the disciplines "Computer Arrangement" and "Musical Informatics" based on using MCT is of the greatest importance for the growth of professional competencies and social adaptation of music students with profound visual impairments. The thematic range and content of these disciplines is very diverse, which allows you to form stable orientation skills in a high-tech information educational environment and helps to overcome professional and socially significant difficulties.
Applications of this study: The research findings can be of interest for musicians with profound visual impairments, blind students and their teachers, and for specialists dealing with problems of socialization and social adaptation of people having vision limitations.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The development of MCT contributes to the integration of visually impaired musicians into the professional community. A set of academic disciplines has been developed based on the use of MCT, which is implemented in the process of professional training of music students with deep visual impairments in a number of educational institutions in Russia. The international community and the state should more actively support and develop technologies that promote the socialization and professional adaptation of visually impaired musicians.

In recent days, the distinction of job satisfaction is receiving increase attention in varied paradigms. Amongst, the job satisfaction of academic leaders is relatively significant to the improved and empowered future generations. Job Satisfaction is a vital determinant and a leading cause, for the successful endeavor of an organization and educational institutions, in the competitive edge. Consequently, many investigations reported that exercising appropriate management of human resource; offers sustain beneficial impacts, both in individuals and diverse organizational levels. These observed implications were, similar, in academic sector also the positive and few negative outcomes were well outlined in absence of job satisfaction in earlier investigations. As job satisfaction do mine provides, uncountable benefits to the organizations, employers strive to generate satisfaction among employees. Recent studies have evident and elucidated that Self-actualization has influenced and played a role, in determining the job satisfaction among the individuals. This review attempted to analyze the chronological recent literature on Self-Actualization’s influences on job satisfaction, among the academic leaders in Tamil Nadu Universities context.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the importance of educational capital. In post-communist societies such as Poland, the process of shaping the social structure is slightly different in comparison to societies in countries like France or England. In this respect, the role of education may turn out to be much more important in acquiring cultural capital. The research was carried out in Poland, in Cieszyn Silesia, at schools located in Cieszyn, Skoczów, Ustroń and Istebna between October 2012 and January 2013. The research group consisted of students from high schools and colleges. The students’ year of birth was between 1994-1997. The total number of students of secondary schools in 2012/2013 was 5413. Survey results show that in Cieszyn Silesia, social capital acts as a kind of katalysator between inherited and acquired capital and helps acquire high educational capital

The main objective of this paper is to examine the five prime reasons under which Russia had shifted its interest towards deepening their strategic relations with Pakistan keeping at stake its historic relations with India. Historically, both Soviet Union and Pakistan looked at each other either through the prism of U.S or India leaving little scope for independent foreign-policy making towards each other or even extending strategic manoeuvring. Currently, the orbit of their relations is undergoing rapid changes in the backdrop of the New Cold War. As such, besides, covering the historical background, the present study is therefore an attempt to analyse the growing geo-strategic interest of Russia in Pakistan and examine whether this reapproachment have any impact on Indo-Russian relations. In the process it also examines how their strategic synergy may alter the existing balance of power in South Asia and international peace

As per report of an International Energy Agency ,India emitted CO2
to the tune of 2,299 million in 2018.Of the gross national emission 18% is contributed by Agriculture and livestock. Although the agricultural sector is liable for GHG emission led climatic change but it bears the brunt of the change to a far greater extent than other major contributors. India is a member of Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, International Plant Protection Convention was signed in 1952 by India and ratified on 9 June, 1952 so the intention is apparent to not fall behind in international regime of regulations and conventions. However the particular hardships faced in our country are peculiar and political will and the policies to surpass the same is paramount to overcome them.

Knowledge management, is crucial for specialists and affiliations wherein the achievement relies on the time, use, and singularity of the learning base. Hence, it would be viewed as sensible to consider administration associations as illuminating establishments, wherein, such affiliations reliably add to the learning curve. Different researchers have communicated the significance of knowledge management (KM) communicated that "KM is particularly significant for associations, included specialists where achievement relies on age, usage, and uniqueness of knowledge base. It would appear to be proper to consider higher instructive foundations as associations included specialists who add to knowledge base". In the domain of knowledge association, new advances, internationalization, and globalization are viewed as central focuses that could give forefront preparing, trustworthy learning, and stance change from instructing to changing. With the assistance of KM measures, the titanic measure of knowledge can be utilized to improve profitability and decay the costs situated with the huge capability of knowledge. Knowledge is the key for organizations; learning should be moved to activity wherein the necessary scholastic assets are accessible for the improvement in the field of the scholarly world. To prevail on the planet with illuminated scholarly advancement, it is pivotal to execute procedures that would viably accumulate knowledge and coordinate it further .

This study aims to analyze the influence of financial knowledge, financial attitude and locus of control on financial behavior. This study uses primary data obtained through a questionnaire that has been distributed directly and indirectly (via social media). The population in this study is the community of server-based electronic money users or commonly known as e-wallets who already have personal income, and are domiciled in Jakarta. The sample of this study is 201 respondents who are collected using non-probability methods with convenience sampling technique. The data that has been obtained is processed by PLS-SEM using the SmartPLS version 3.2.8 software. The findings of this study indicate that financial knowledge, financial attitude and locus of control have a significant effect on financial behavior

The current study is summarized in showing the future of governmental contracts in light of the novelties of the technical and technological revolution, where the smart applications became of its most important. We dealt with this study through two requirements; the first requirement dealt with the essence of smart governmental contracts through four branches. In the first branch we dealt with the concept of smart governmental contracts, in the second branch we talked about the types of smart governmental contracts , in the third branch we displayed the characteristics of smart governmental contracts and finally in the fourth branch we dealt with the legal nature of smart governmental contracts . The second requirement was allocated to talk about the possibility of concluding governmental contracts through smart contracts as a future vision by dividing it into three branches; the first branch was allocated to highlight the essence of smart mediator of agent, the second branch was allocated to set a perspective of the smart governmental tender leading to smart governmental bidding in the third branch, and finally the conclusion which included the main result the study found and the most important recommendations.

The epics like the Ramayana and the Mahabharata have always remained the integral part of the Indian cultural tradition. They have been told or retold several times, getting communicated from one generation to another. The Ramayana celebrates the victory of goodness over evil, obedience, call of duty, brotherhood, compassion, sacrifice – all looped into the thread of Indian culture. These issues are depicted mainly through male characters, while most of the females have been kept on the margins. In this very stream is Urmila (Laxmana’s wife), who has not received the lime light she deserves. Kavita Kane, in her novel Sita’s Sister, has lifted the Urmila of the traditional versions of the Ramayana, from the periphery and placed her on the centre stage of the fabric. She has reiterated the myth from a daring and unwavering Urmila’s perspective – a standpoint that is not dissimilar to that of the modern Indian woman. The present paper explores this particular stand of Kane’s Urmila and studies her proximity from this contemporary angle.

Saudi Arabia's capital, Riyadh, has grown from a small city of half-million people to a city of more than seven million people in the past fifty years. As the capital city of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh contributes significantly to the non-oil economy in the country. As a result, this study focused on reviewing the existing literature to assess the city's role in the nation's non-oil economy in the last fifty years. The included studies had to be cross-sectional studies, reports, government publications, and ecological studies that reported Riyadh's role in Saudi Arabia's non-oil economy for the past five decades. One hundred twenty-three studies were initially screened to identify relevant sources.
Further analysis and exclusion identified fifty relevant sources that were systematically reviewed. The quality of methodological designs was assessed in all the sources reviewed. The results indicate that Riyadh has been the focal city in diversifying the nation's economy. The review depicts that the general proportion of service industries comprised the major developments in the city. Most of the studies pointed out that Saudi Arabian government has pushed hard to make the country and hub for a non-oil and diversified economy. The study's results depict that the government requires a business to have offices in Riyadh even if they may be based in other cities. This move was adopted after the country suffered major economic setbacks every time there was an uncertain and certain fall in oil demand. The city has the largest service industry, manufacturing, construction, and finance in Saudi Arabia.

The study of the impact of state budget revenue on economic growth has an important role in evaluating state budget revenue effectiveness. The article evaluates the state budget revenue and tests the impact of state budget revenues on Vietnam's economic growth. With data collected for Vietnam from 1990 to 2019. The research variables are state budget revenue and Exchange rate, net domestic investment growth with the stationary test, and Autoregression distribution lag regression (ARDL). The ARDL model analysis results show that in the short-term, state budget revenue and exchange rate have a negative impact on the economic growth of Vietnam. In the long-term, state budget revenue and net domestic investment growth have a positive impact on economic growth, while the exchange rate does not affect economic growth. From these research results, the author also gives some policy implications based on state budget revenue, exchange rate, and net domestic investment growth to promote Vietnam's economic development sustainably.

Education is very essential for the human development. The elementary education should be available to every citizens so they may be enlightened. The aim of the paper is to explore journey of elementary education in India through the lenses of law and judiciary. This paper has been divided in seven parts. The first part introduce the need of elementary education. Second part deals with the Constituent Assembly Debate on need of elementary education in constitution of India. Third part of this paper explore the pre-86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002. The fourth part deals situation with post 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002. The fifth part explore the salient features of the ‘The Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009’. The sixth part deals the situation after the enactment of ‘Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009’. Last and seventh part has conclusion.

Development of leaf disease in the agricultural sector would decrease crop yield output. Thus, leaf disease identification can be achieved in an automatic way to increase the yield in the agriculture sector. However, most of the disease recognition system works with poor disease recognition due to varying patterns of leaf disease which impair detection accuracy. In this article, we are managing this issue by designing a computer vision model that assists in building a system that involves real-time image detection, feature extraction and image classification. The findings are given by the classifier, whether the leaf is diseased or not. In this paper we use Deep Neural Network (DNN) for real-time image classification. The experimental findings on tomato plant indicate that classification rates have increased with the proposed system relative to other current methods.

The study as highlighted in the literature, edible product produced in a traditional manner are getting concentration in recent scenario. The reason for people concentrated in this products health concerns is one of the reason, they wish to give preference to regional products at the same time. The present study aims to investigate the regional ethnocentrism and cold press oil buying relationship, at the same time the study also investigate the indirect relationship through tradition and nostalgia. The study consist of 158 consumers as a respondents. The women respondents are majority in this research. The ages of those surveyed were below 30 years to above 50 years. To assess regional ethnocentrism, six indicators and to assess tradition and nostalgia eight indicators have been used.Cold-press oil buying frequency is assess by respondents were asked to think and specify on purchased Cold-press oil in the earlier months. And the Cold-press oil buying Willingness is assess by think and specify the likelihood to buy Cold-press oil. The study reveals that the regional ethnocentrism directly influence the cold press oil buying, and also indirectly through tradition and nostalgia

Over a period of time it is found that different sectors of economy have changed including education sector. Unlike any other sector, education sector has seen many evolution and changes. Education system changed from Guru-Shishya Parampara to class room teaching, then teaching with the help of projectors or LED and now its online teaching classes or teaching through E-Learning portals or Web Based E-Learning (WBEL). It has been seen from the past several years that online education system or E-Learning system has emerged as a powerful contender for new education system. From the recent past it has been found that several online courses have been conducted to educate millions of people around the globe on various topics. In spite of difference in culture and language and diverse population E-Learning system has gained a lot of popularity increase in affordability and purchasing power of Indians. The only reason for growth in E-Learning system is drastic change in information technology and technological improvements. This article aimed at examining the impact of E-Learning or Web Based E-Learning (WBEL) in modern India Education System.

The purpose of this paper is to study the stability of using national currencies for trading between Turkey and its partners in order to mitigate the risks of exchange rate volatility. We have employed wavelet coherence technique to data extracted for the Turkish lira against the currencies of its major trade partners: Germany, Russia, China, Italy, and UK. The time series cover the period from March 1996 to October 2019. Our findings show that the Turkish lira exchange rate with the German, Russian, Italian, and UK currency pairs is stable in the long-term. The exchange rate between the Turkish lira and the Chinese yuan needs further studying before a decision can be taken. The findings have important implications for policymakers and traders.

This study examines the differences between foreign brands and domestic brands in the Indian apparel market. Purchase Intention towards domestic and foreign apparel brand in the Indian market are examined. The purchase decision process into problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Consumer decision making process is based on perceiving problems, searching for solutions, evaluating alternatives, and making decisions. Descriptive research design is followed in this research. Under non-probability sampling technique, convenience sampling method was used to select the respondent from population. The data were collected through questionnaire method. Sum of 552 Respondents met at the time of purchase in specified mall (Forum Vijaya mall and Express avenue mall), in Chennai City during their leisure time, with a request to fill in the questionnaire. This study finds that Indian consumers who fall in the age group of 40-49 have purchase intention towards European brands followed by American brand and Indian brand and also found that the respondents who fall in the Income of Rs. 40,000 to 60,000 have Purchase Intention European brand followed by American brand and Indian brand.

This study empirically investigates restaurant operators' role to implement sustainable food waste practices. Food waste is mostly associated with behaviours such as negligence or conscious decisions to throw out food. Restaurants have a credible share in municipal waste as one of the significant waste sources globally and in Malaysia. Therefore, this increases the necessity of study waste management practices among restaurants. This study is structured through a self-administered survey with the east coast restaurant operators directly involved in SME related businesses. With 250 respondents, the data were analysed using multivariate analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM) via PLS. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were executed to validate the scales. These findings can be deduced restaurant operators, through its dimensions, influence the adaptation mediating effects and create sustainable food waste practices.

Founded in 1991, by signing a treaty of Asuncion among four founder member countries comprising of Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay is an intergovernmental association and was a beginner step to create free trade area. It’s been three decades from the establishment, the demise of southern cone common market has been announced several times; may it be Brazilian Devaluation(1999), Argentina Economic Crisis(2001-02), Global Economic Crisis(2008) but still MERCOSUR has survived, deliver democratic stability, increased trade flows and international exposure to its member countries. In this research paper we will analyse the India’s trade potential with Mercosur countries for different product lines. This article will firstly review the historical evolution of MERCOSUR, then will discuss the trade potential of Mercosur nations and India and finally explores the challenges that are being faced.

The present study of work life balance in banking sector covered the employees from public, private and co-operative banks having their branches in Bangalore district. The study covered employees at each hierarchical levels of the branches like branch managers, officers from various departments and clerks and sub staff employed. An in depth study is carried out to study life satisfaction and job satisfaction among the bank employees. This is an attempt to analyse work life balance and related issues. The required data for analysis was generated through primary and as well as secondary sources. Data input was being of 440 bank employees and having different variables under study, its analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 the statistical tools applied for the analysis of primary data are ANOVA. This study reveals the association between life satisfaction and work life balance, and the association between job satisfaction and work life balance. The present study provides recommendations that a practical implementation of the suggestions like facilitating mentoring, yoga, workshop etc., can be initiated and results may be evaluated.

Public and Private Sector Banks play a dominant role in portraying the financial system of an economy. An Economy’s health can be determined by the conditions prevailing in the financial system. In order to maintain a healthy financial system, it is necessary to analyse the banks regularly for identification of their Strengths and elimination of the potential vulnerabilities. Banks act as fuel for smooth and efficient functioning of an economy’s financial system. The objective of my study is to assess and contrast the financial, operational and managerial health of selected public and private sector banks. For the purpose of the study only three public sectors banks which include State Bank of India, Bank of Baroda and Union Bank and three private sector banks which include HDFC, ICICI and Axis Bank are taken into consideration. CAMEL approach is considered for analysing and contrasting the performance of the banks. CAMEL stands for C-Capital Adequacy, A-Asset Quality, M-Management Efficiency, E-Earnings and L-Liquidity.

The textile and equipment industry of the country India accounts almost about 4% of the global textile market. This sector is one of the expanding and most crucial sectors of the economy in the aspects of production, income by exchange rate and job opportunities. The objective of the study is to understand the theoretical concepts of credibility of the message source and its components. Our objective is to study the impact of message trustworthiness, expertness and attractiveness on consumer purchase intention. It is assumed that the true marketing concept professional must discover what consumers want or need and try to meet those needs if it makes economic and strategic sense. A marketing message is a means of communication designed to influence customers. The questionnaire consists of nine questions and all the questions were made in relevance to likert scale which is very famous in capturing intention and behavioral studies. The items in the scale are validated using explorative factor analysis. The associations between the study constructs are analyzed by regression analysis and discussions are made on the results obtained.

The purpose of the study is to know the employees perception about analytical competencies. In order to get employment opportunities’ in the recent corporate world it was important to be updated with better skills and knowledge, which will help the employees to get better employment opportunities in the growing job market. However, we have attempted to know the student perception about their opinion over the statement and how they think it will help them to grow in their career for better employment opportunities. We also attempted to know that what they think about the best way to enhance their analytical competencies. We have done this through focused group interviews with the employees to explore the difference between the academics and the practical reality and their opinions and suggestions over the employability to cope up with the reality. From this study we find that there is a need of a better communication about the various skills and technological improvements which can help them to enhance their analytical competencies.

This manuscript depicts shift management approach for managing and handling the schedules & associated employees working details on distinct projects in diversified shifts. Furthermore, the maintenance and computations of complete shift associated allowances aimed at employees has been performed by utilizing system. Also, this equipment has been a system enabled based on web with enhanced accuracy and effectiveness. The significant intent of this approach has to lessen the issues, which are faced when employees scheduling for transmissions and provide optimum solution later what presents in market. Moreover, this approach has devised for handling maintenance and schedule the associated employees details contributing in distinct shifts.

The exploration named on "A Study on representative maintenance procedures with uncommon reference to PHILIPS ELECTRONICS INDIA LIMITED" Chennai was led. Worker maintenance is the precise exertion to hold the present representatives by giving better approaches and to perceive different desires for the representatives. The test isn't just to draw in the skilled representatives and to hold them. The goal of the examination is to break down the hierarchical components affecting the representative maintenance and to discover singular variables driving workers to go away from the association and to analyse the vital conditions to hold the representatives. The investigation has done through graphic examination technique and the assortment of essential information has done through single group testing strategy under likelihood inspecting technique. The exploration configuration continued in this investigation is distinct examination. Poll is utilized to gather essential information and calculated survey is utilized for auxiliary information assortment through books, sites. The organization can execute better workplace to the representatives; they can give appropriate employment pivot to rouse them. Give adaptable work routine to the representatives.

Knowledge management applies to a proper selection, analysis, and interpretation of data within and outside the company, based on the measurements and guidelines used to improve operations within the organization and enhance its productivity and improve its performance with its activities. The role of knowledge management processes as mediators to enhance Iraqi insurance companies' strategic agility has been examined. Researchers have therefore been based on a questionnaire on a 5-scale basis. The questionnaire included two main sections: the first focused on research sample demographics and the second on study variables. The questionnaire was independent and distributed to a number of (150) people in Iraqi insurance companies. After the application process, researchers were able to get (125) properly completed questionnaires. This study has determined the normality of different variables. Since independent variables are not normally distributed, but error terms are normally distributed, this does not mean traditional linear regression disintegration. The data analysis results will also be valid. The results of this research have shown, according to the Equity Return, that the acquisition of expertise has a major effect on the organizational performance of Iraq. The study found that the business age moderates the link between information management and Iraqi insurance companies' operating efficiency, measured by both assets and equity returns. Therefore, the research concluded that the company's age moderates the relation between IM and corporate performance in Iraqi insurance companies. They are by the return on assets or equity income.

The purpose of this study is to examine the academic pillars of both joint audit standards and the tax system, with an indication of the nature of the relationship between the two, to identify appropriate ways to improve the tax system in this way. Provide support to adapt to various climate changes and developments. Two basic assumptions have put forward, namely: (1) the General Tax Authority is likely to implement joint audits in a way that guarantees the required standards, (2) improving the effectiveness of the joint audit tax system and Helps increase revenue. The research sample of General Tax Authority employees is for 2019 data. Analytical tools were used to achieve the desired results from the research, as the results showed that tax enforcement and collection required an efficient and effective system that would improve revenue, encourage investment and Provides assistance in achieving the desired targets of state budget financing, and as a result, there is a strong link between the joint auditing and development of the tax system and tax revenue. Ability to conduct joint audits to effectively achieve desired goals.

The research aims to address the knowledge bases of both judicial and creative accounting, as well as indicate the role that judicial accountability can play in limiting creative accounting practices in light of international accounting standards. Three hypotheses have been put forward, namely: (1) There is no relationship between the practiced of activities and procedures by creative accounting and judicial accounting practices, (2) The high rates of lawsuits and legal disagreements over financial and marketable matters require the use of judicial accountability, (3) there is no differences among the opinions of external auditors and legal and judicial personnel regarding the role of judicial accountability in limiting creative accounting practices. The research was applied to a sample of the auditors of the Financial Supervision Bureau and workers in the Iraqi law and justice. In order to achieve the objectives of the research and test its hypotheses, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to the members of the sample. A set of appropriate statistical methods was used to analyze the data such as the mean, standard deviation, and mannequin test. The research also reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which was that judicial accountability can help reduce unwanted practices of creative accounting in economic units.

This paper dealt with estimating and analyzing the determinants of demand for real cash balances and their stability in Iraq for the period (2003-2018).A stable demand on real cash balances function give the green light for the monetary policy maker to use money supply as an effective toolto achieve its goals. The econometric approach was used to estimate and then test the stability of the demand on real cash balances function.
The stationary test confirmed that some of our variables are stationary at level and others at the first difference. As our co-integration test revealed a long run relationships between the independent variables (exchange rate, Consumer price index, and Gross domestic product) and the real cash balances. According to that the ARDL model was used to estimate the short and the long run coefficients and the error correction parameter by using Eviews11. The results of the estimated model confirmed our hypothesis (The stability of the demand of real cash balances) as the results of CUSUM, and CUSUM SQ shows. This means the success of using money supply as an effective tool by the monetary policy maker. The ARDL results reflects the significant of the independent variables parameters on the short and the long run economically and statistically. The adjustment coefficient was -0.20 which confirm the stability of the model if departed from the equilibrium level and will return back in 5 quarters. The model shows high capability in tracking the historical data. This confirmed the forecasting merit of the model. Five different scenarios postulated to simulate the answer to the What if question for the period 2019-2025. The result of the forecast shows strong sensitivity of the demand of real cash balances to the large shock in the Exchange rate, Consumer price index, and the contraction of the GDP. The combined effect of the strong shock in the independents variable will force the public to abandon the local currency and replace it with US dollar. This will weakened the effectiveness of using the money supply as an effective tool of the monetary policy.

A competitive advantage (CA) would no longer be the company's physical properties but the people's non-physical resources. This study designed to mediate the impact of HRM Strategic Practices on CA on the transcendent corporate performance and actual business performance. Erbil was in Kurdistan, Iraq, from four cities. Questionnaires sent to the seven companies selected. The path control strategy for analysis used this research to model the collected data on partly small and structural equations (PLS-SEM). The evaluation results from the Construct show that the measurements of the SHRMP, IFP, TFP, and CA range from 0.60-0.92. There is still a variable loading value of 0.50 to 0.60, although some authors propose loads of factor greater than 0.70. We have maintained and accepted the limitations given the preceding for further analysis. For SHRMP, IFP, TFP and CA, the average of the latent variables were 0.56, 0.51, 0.58 and 0.51, respectively. The obtained AVE values were coherent. Our results demonstrate that each structure is more comprehensive than its square correlations with the diagonal and adventurous Square Roots AVE. In this research, HRM strategy and competitive advantages, particularly in Iraq, are linked to the company's metaphysical and factual mediator role. The study results offer innovative views. This research has also determined the importance of corporate (public/private) types. Our results show that the intangible performance of the employees and tangible results play a crucial role in securing competitive, sustainable benefits for firms in Iraq.

The paper aims to examine the impact of leaders’ thinking styles in strategic momentum, an oversample of 72 administrative leaders at the University of Karbala. The information related to practical aspect was collected by a survey designed according to Grigorenko& Sternberg, 1997 matrix to measure thinking styles, while Peters et al, 2018 matrix were leveraged to measure Strategic Momentum. Forms information was subjected to several statistical methods and leveraged SPSS, V23. One of the most important conclusions that the University of Karbala leaders adapt several thinking styles with deferent scores, as Hierarchic Style is the most influential in strategic momentum.

In this manuscript, researcher examines the effect of different governance related variables on corporate governance disclosure in Pakistani manufacturing firms. The population for this particular study was Pakistan. Secondary sample was taken from Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) indexed companies in Pakistan. There are total 903 companies listed in KSE in 2016 according to Pakistan Stock Exchange (Pakistan Stock Exchange, 2016). According to PSE; 903 companies were listed with KSE; out of 903, 129 were selected as part of sample for this particular study. The analyses are done through Logistic regression with the use of Stata software. A disclosure index consisting the four items which are adopt to serve as dependent variable. Independent variables are; Board Composition, Managerial Ownership and Audit firm status and there are two control variables Organization size and Organization age. Result of the study suggests that the Corporate Governance disclosure that is our dependent variable have positively affected by board composition and audit firm status. Managerial ownership have negative affect on corporate governance disclosure. In previous studies, managerial ownership also showed negative impact on corporate governance disclosure and here in this study impact was also same. The hypothesis related to managerial ownership is rejected in this study. Remaining hypothesis related to audit firm status and board composition are accepted. The findings reveals that all the independent variables except managerial ownership have not found positive relationship with the determinants of Corporate Governance disclosure.

Selection of stocks is a challenging task for investors and finance researchers because of the uncertainty of the return. In portfolio selection, the aim is to obtain a proper proportion of assets for getting maximum profit and least risk. The objective of his paper is to provide an overview of the present research in portfolio optimization with respect in mathematical programing techniques. For this purpose, 82 research papers appearing in the scholarly journal have been observed and investigated, and it has been concluding that fuzzy decision theory and goal programming establish the maximum number of mathematical programming techniques generated to solve the portfolio optimization problem.

Rural women’s participation in the formal economy is small and largely confined to domestic work and less payed low grade jobs in the economy due to social, economic, political and other factors. Therefore, this study is done to assess the socio cultural factors that influence the rural women empowerment in Solar Power Sector in select states of India. Basically, the study is exploratory in nature. Primary as well as secondary data is used for the study while including the Quantitative and qualitative techniques. For this study, 500 rural women respondents who were into solar business were taken from the states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa and Telangana. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data collected. Also, SPSS software was used to further analyse the data. The findings of study revealed that the majority of the rural women respondents were interested to start the solar business. From the data it is further observed the socio-cultural attitudes of the rural women like: Social Empowerment- Participation in domestic decision making, Recognition in the society, Access to and visibility in Social spaces, Rural women and Political attitudes- Ability to exercise right to vote, Rural women and Psychological attitudes- Self- esteem. Thus, it is suggested that the government of India and other NGO’s should work together to bolster the rural women’s socio-cultural development by providing required skills training, diversification sources of women income, guidance with the procedures to procure the loans, creating business networks and so on.

In General sense, the term investment is an type of activity that is being engaged in by the people who have to do savings i.e. investments are made from their savings, or in other words it is the people invest their savings. At present a variety of different investment options are available to the investors that are bank, Gold, Real estate, post services, mutual funds & so on much more. Investors are always investing their money with the different types of purpose and objectives such as profit, security, appreciation, Income stability. Researcher in this study has studied the different types and avenues of investments available and the factors that are required to be considered while selecting the investment with the sample size of 100 salaried employees by conducting the survey in Visakhapatnam City, India. The study identifies the preferred investment avenues among individual investors using their own self-assessment test for the purpose. The analysis established that that salaried employees are considering the safety as well as good return on investment as top priority before investment . Respondents are much more aware about the different investment avenues available in India except female investors.

Present paper deals with Meena Alexander’s River and Bridge and Sujata Bhatt’s Brunizem. It attempts to show how the female poets have discovered their own voices and developed their sensibilities. Alexander and Bhatt both are diasporic poets. Indian Diasporic poetry addresses the issues of alienation, displacement and rootlessness and explores the problems of migration and diasporic life. Diaspora is a huge and vast concept in literature. Indian writers have immensely contributed to the growth of Diasporic poetry in English. Many Indian women poets write about their personal experiences, displaying feminine consciousness. The women poets of Indian diaspora have migrated to and settled in various countries like Denmark, Germany, Australia, England, and USA. Though they have settled abroad, they are connected to Indian soil and differ from Western behavioral patterns. Their poetry reflects the tensions caused by their Indian psyche in the alien situation. They express diasporic distress and female expression through their poetry. Meena Alexander and Sujata Bhatt successfully manage diasporic distress and try to assimilate into the new culture. They discovered that separation from mother tongue meaning loss of identity and feels alienated. Both the female poets talk about universal fear of poets: the fear of leaving “no word… “no following voices”, and the fear of becoming a “nobody” is present in their poems. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the improved status of women in diasporic community. Diasporic women poets cannot compromise like an average woman with any imposed situation. Their poetry makes a transformation from traditionality to modernity. It is an expression of their changing attitude towards society.

Changes in macroeconomic conditions affect various things such as changes in interest rates that have an impact on companies with debt on their capital structure. Likewise, the company's profitability and profit growth can affect the company's capital structure which then affects the stock price, especially in construction companies.This study aims to describe and analyze the influence of interest rate, profit growth and profitability of stock price through capital structure. The sample is construction companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange in the 2014-2019 period and the observation is through purposive sampling method. Analytical techniques used are multiple linear analysis and path analysis. The results show that interest rate, profit growth, and profitability affect capital structure. Interest rate and capital structure affect stock price while profit growth and profitability has no effect on stock price. Capital structure mediates the influence of interest rate, profit growth and profitability on stock price.

The shifting sense of privacy from one social background to the next, notably in the eyes of the law, has been a persistent challenge. Technology when seen from the lens of privacy in educational institutions poses a significant threat to the safety and security of all, the most vulnerable and exposed being- young girls, female teachers with the threat of stalking and voyeurism. Furthermore, it is a flagrant breach of students' and teachers' right to privacy and freedom of speech and expression. Notably, there are no regulations or legislation in place to control the installation of surveillance and data collection devices like CCTV or other monitoring/ data collection equipment in Educational Institutes for the purposes of safety, security and regulation. The authors would also examine the above in terms of the right to privacy, necessity and legality. The authors will attempt to showcase reality on the ground along with legal landmarks to satisfy the object and rationale behind the research.

Underpinned by social exchange and JE theory, this study proposes and tests a research model that investigates the effect of TQM on FHE’screative performance mediating by JE. The data come from FHE’s who work in five star hotels in northern Iraq. The structure equation modelling results revealed that JE is the underlying mechanism through which TQM manifested by the top-management, empowerment, training, reward and teamwork practice, is linked to the FHE’s CP. The empirical data support all hypothesis and research model we have proposed is practical. The results have important implications about FHE’s of TQM practice and aforesaid.

This study aims to determine the effect of organizational culture and motivation on job satisfaction and its effect on employee performance at PT. Nitya Wisata Mandiri, Badung. The population used in this study were all employees of PT. Nitya Wisata Mandiri, Badung, which numbered 90 people. The data analysis technique used is Partial Least Square (PLS) using Smart PLS software. The results of this study indicate that organizational culture has a direct or indirect effect on employee performance. Motivation has an indirect effect on employee performance. Organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Motivation has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on employee performance. So it is suggested that the company can continue to maintain the consistency of a good organizational culture, then the company is advised to design a motivation system that can reach all employees, and the company should always make job satisfaction a consideration in an effort to improve employee performance.

The article discusses “The small business role in socio-economic development in the digital economy development”, identifies our country role in the international rating index, and provides a detailed definition of the current smart management and digital economy. It also shows the importance of digital technologies in the transition to an innovative economy and the gradual evolutionary development stages, the digital economy characteristics and its introduction directions. In our country transition to a new level, reasonable proposals and recommendations have been made on the issues of achieving socio-economic development through the small business management improvement.

This article analyzes the modern development of teaching speech etiquette (SE) and describes the importance of using activities to improve speech competence of 8-9 grade students in Karakalpakstan. In the present work the author develops a system of activities and exercises consisting of a complex or series of exercises aimed at mastering the linguoculturological features of the speech etiquette (SE) within the framework of a culture of communicative behaviour. Currently the rate of development is increasing in the world, thus, acquiring foreign languages is becoming vitally important for the development of our society. In our country, primary and secondary schools have started using state-of-the-art methods in teaching the English as a foreign language in Karakalpak classrooms. However, there is still necessity of improving language and speech competence as well as the culture of communication.

This article talks about ensuring food security and what an important role farmers and dekhkan farms plays its. The problem of food security is exacerbated by the narrowing of the gap between the possibilities of agricultural production to meet the standards of human health per capita, and therefore it is necessary to study ways to solve the provision of food for humanity.

This paper aims to examine the influence of accounting standards (SAFS Sharia No.109) for zakat on the financial performance of zakat institutions. This study has employed Difference in Difference (DiD) test and Panel data regression in order to achieve the objective of study. This study found that there is a difference in zakat institution performance between the pre and post adoption of SAFS in the DiD test. However, panel regression results show that there is no significant change in the adoption of SAFS Sharia No.109 to the zakat institution financial performance. A plausible reason for insignificant relation is that SAFS Sharia No.109 has not yet faithfully adhered by zakat institutions in their reporting, particularly with respect to the zakat for productive purpose (Alim, 2015). On the other hand, this study also found that zakat fund collection and zakat institution equity have significant impact on the performance of zakat institutions in Indonesia.

The world picture of the national audience is predominantly formed by the Abstract: following media sources: world mass media; national mass media; selected personal Internet-based sources. Under the Internet-based sources we understand news sources of different types on the Internet-platforms. They can have or don’t have official character, can be or not to be professional ones, may have different degrees of confidence, whether or not to have the characteristics of a professional mass media.
The research is based on publications of national newspapers belonging to three different journalistic cultures: the British national version "Guradian", the Russian "Kommersant" and the Spanish "ABC". In the modern world, the frequency of news feed updates does not allow a newspaper to rely only on its own sources of information, so when preparing news texts, national media journalists also rely on the materials of third-party subjects.
From this point of view, the analysis includes studying the geographical agenda (the range of countries covered on a regular basis and frequency of mentioning), identifying the types of content, the main sources of information, and their relationship to the range of countries under coverage.

Equality in all its manifestations is a notion that requires implementation in Pakistan in every facet being the premise idea for the founding of Pakistan. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of equality as the foundational feature of Pakistan and make out a case for its incorporation in the legal structure as supreme consideration. The methodology adopted is doctrinal and descriptive analysis of the issue in hand. The findings of research mandate revisions in constitution of Pakistan and legal paradigm of Pakistan with equality at the forefront. Such an analysis to authors knowledge has not been undertaken before.

Employee loyalty, employees' attitudes, and behaviors play a vital role in the quality of work, at the same time, employees are primarily responsible for guaranteeing competitive advantage and sustainable development for enterprises. To collect data, the research questionnaires were sent to domestic companies in Thuy Van industrial zone. Base on the collected data and by using the method of evaluating the reliability of the scale and the factor analysis. The research analyzed and identified the factors affecting employee loyalty in the companies in Thuy Van industry zone including 4 factors: salary, promotion, relationship, and welfare. In which, the salary was the strongest factor affecting employee loyalty, next was the relationship, advancement opportunities and finally welfare. The research results show that these factors have a positive impact on employee loyalty. Thence, to improve employee loyalty and maintain employees in the company, the research proposed recommendations to so increase employee satisfaction with the above factors will increase their loyalty to the company.

The study substantiates the concept of systemic strategic risk of borrower and buffer of systemic strategic risk of borrower for hedging force major circumstances in order to improve monetary policy. There is analysis of rules and regulations for the analysis of credit risk of bank. The authors studied the existing approaches to assessing the creditworthiness of borrowers and the credit risk of a bank. The factors, which influence on the level of credit risk of borrower, are identified. Quantitative and qualitative parameters of borrower's creditworthiness, used in banking risk management, are determined. An economic and mathematical model is proposed for determining the systemic strategic risk buffer of borrower for force major circumstances hedging. Considering the level of losses during default, the probability of default of borrower and strategic risk. It is proposed to use the developed technology for creating a systemic strategic risk buffer for borrower for force major circumstances hedging as a monetary policy tool and include Basel III in the requirements of the banking agreement.

The government has designed various programs to improve community welfare based on local potentials and wisdom. One of the most marvelously finished products of this program is Kartika Swimming Pool in Kroyo, Sragen, Central Java. This study population were 50 employees and the manager of Kartika Swimming Pool, as well as 100 respondent by accidental sampling. The data were analyzed with financial analysis and Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). This study indicated that the level of feasibility of amusement rides is 75.5%, and 56% by visitors perception. SEM-PLS results show that price, sales promotion and service of quality have a significant effect on visitor satisfaction at Kartika Swimming Pool.

This study aims to analyze the constitutionality of the open legal policy on the guarantee of citizens' rights in a judicial review. The results showed that an open legal policy can be interpreted as a freedom for legislators to form legal policies (laws). There were at least 15 Constitutional Court Decisions that did not grant the petition on the basis of open legal policy considerations from 2005 to 2015. However, until the time the conception related to open legal policy in the Constitutional Court Decision did not have clear boundaries.

The social and environmental responsibilities of mineral mining resources management companies need supervision in the implementation to not deviate from the state's objectives. This research is about how the policy of social and environmental responsibilities of mineral mining resources management company associates with the local community's principle of justice. This research is research with the normative juridical approach by reviewing legislation relating to corporate social responsibility and the environment. The results show that the social responsibility policy in mineral mining resources management focuses on environmental development programs but does not stand out due to the absence of standards and uniform indicators. The emphasis of policy focus is more on compliance with the Environmental Protection and Management Act. Suggestions for the sake of fulfilling the principle of justice and for legal certainty, the policy of Government Regulation governing social and environmental responsibility needs to be published soon

The existence of the National Land Agency began in 1988 with Presidential Decree Number 26 of 1988. Institutions dealing with land in Indonesia actually existed and started in 1951 under the State Ministry of Agrarian Affairs's name and subsequently changed its characters, but still use the word "Agrarian" within the institution. Only in 1988, the National Land Agency came up. In Presidential Decree No 26 of 1988, there are six functions of BPN (National Land Agency) that lead to policy formulation and planning of land tenure and use. The existence of the National Land Agency shall be regulated continuously following the development of the existing conditions in the amendment of a presidential decree in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2006 and by presidential regulation in 2013. Presently, the National Land Agency's existence is based on Presidential Regulation No. 20 of 2015 Based. On Presidential Regulation No. 20 of 2015, BPN (National Land Agency) has ten functions covering as a drafter, regulator, and executive of land policy ex officio headed by Minister of Agrarian and Spatial.

In the past decades, tourism's impact on economics, social, culture, and society has increased. The concept of alternative tourism, such as nature-based travel, green travel, responsible travel, soft tourism, cultural tourism, adventure travel, and ecotourism, is growing very excessively as compared to ordinary tourism. The current study aims to determine the research direction on ecotourism behavior in the year 2015 to 2019. The 56 studies are included in the review from the Scopus database and following the PRISMA statement 2015. Classification of literature is divided into four significant categories after reviewing the literature and setting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most frequent theories also discussed, and theory of planned behavior used by the many researchers related to the ecotourism behavior. The findings showed that ecotourism behavior development research is focused on environmental protection. The behavioral development process is needed an ecotourism intention creating process. There is need to make efforts in multidisciplinary research.

Agreeableness amongst individuals is known to form a significant personality dimension impacting well-being. The Agreeableness trait and extraversion, and Neuroticism are given the main focus here as a prognosticator of the emotional element of well-being amongst Indian Students. Centered upon Big Five (B5) Personality test and SWB, Students (N=320) were rendered with questionnaires. Utilizing correlation, multiple regression analysis, in addition to structural equation modeling, the outcomes were examined. The Outcomes exhibited that the Neuroticism trait directly links to Negative Emotions (NE), while Extraversion is directly related to Positive Emotions (PE). Especially, Agreeableness is related to positive-negative emotions together with balance emotions.

Building a strong reputation is one of the highest priorities for organizations. ‘Reputation’, synonymous to the organization’s ‘brand’, silently inspires perceptions of those who view the organization holistically, apart from its products, activities and interactions. Organizations are also looked upon as a brand based on how they are viewed as an employer, often termed as ‘employer brand’. The concept is best understood as the initiatives and actions taken in positioning the organization as a credible employer in the hearts and minds of the former, current and potential future employees. The employer branding initiatives should aim to inform the stakeholders about the potential benefits the workplace offers. It should also lead to transmitting trust among future employees in an attempt to reduce the perceived risk associated with future employment. One of the ways to ensure effective communication with relevant stakeholders is through the integration of Corporate Social Responsibility in the employer branding activities. This shall lead to strengthening its stand as a responsible workplace, which is a key to attract talented job aspirants. This paper focuses on leveraging the CSR induced benefits to and integration with employer branding initiatives of the organization. This strategy will ultimately help the firm in establishing and strengthening its image as a trustworthy and fair employer may serve as a differentiator.

Purpose
India, one among the rapidly growing economies of the world, has a growing luxury market and it houses the largest youth population called the ‘millennial’. Looking at all these factors plus the tendency of the millennial to be driven by status, this study was conducted with a purpose to examine the millennial consumer’s relationship between “Status Consumption and Consumer Styles Inventory.”
Method
A descriptive research was designed for the study. 240 millennial consumers were selected through convenience sampling technique. The research instrument was a questionnaire consisting of 24 statements measuring Consumer Styles Inventory using Sproles and Kendall (1986) scale and Status Consumption by Eastman et al. (1999) scale.
Findings
All the facets in the Consumer Style Inventory had a significant influence on Status Consumption. Brand Consciousness and Novelty consciousness has the biggest influence on Status consumption. But an inverse relationship existed between status consumption and recreational shopping.
Practical Implications
This study found that the millennial either prefers to stick to good brands or they continually seek something new. Thus this is a significant insight to manufacturers and retailers about the millennial. It will help them in designing their marketing strategies for the millennial as they happen to be a significant entity in today’s market.
Originality/Value
There are not much studies on the shopping styles of the Indian Millennial and hence the findings of this study is very much valuable to the marketers operating in the Indian luxury market.

Social Media use is continuously increasing. Various social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube etc. are dominating the market. New applications are also trying to move ahead in the competition. TikTok which is formally known as Music.ly has acquired user attention in last few years. TikTok is very famous among youngsters. It is used by students in large number. This research focus on use of TikTok by management students in Pune city.

The aim of the study is to examine the opportunities and challenges of remote emergency learning with emphasis on language learning during COVID-19. Technology has assumed an even larger role in the education of our students amid a global pandemic. This is an unprecedented time where the universities around the world embraced online learning as the new normal. The research mainly investigates the learner’s views and perceptions of online learning, as well as its future potential in higher education and the impact of online learning on language learners. The study's emphasis on Blackboard (BB) stems from the fact that it is a widely used teaching and learning medium at many Saudi and foreign universities. For the same quantitative survey was done on the 226 students at King Khalid University undergraduate students. The findings also suggest that in times of lockdowns and social distancing due to COVID-19 pandemic, online learning which was obligatory was welcomed by students. The interview conducted with the respondents reveled that the direct contact with the professors was one of the motivational factors for them. In addition to tools, the findings reveal that faculty preparation, student accessibility, and motivation all play a role in ICT integrated learning.

The term risk is a characteristic feature of most commodity and capital markets. Variations in the prices of agricultural and non-agricultural commodities are induced, over time, by demand- supply dynamics. The last two decades have witnessed many-fold increase in the volume of international trade and business due to the wave of globalization and liberalization sweeping across the world. This has led to rapid and unpredictable variations in financial assets prices, interest rates and exchange rates, and subsequently, to exposing the corporate world to an unwieldy financial risk. In the present highly uncertain business scenario, the importance of risk management is much greater than ever before. The emergence of derivatives market is an ingenious feat of financial engineering that provides an effective and less costly solution to the problem of risk that is embedded in the price unpredictability of the underlying asset.
India’s experience with the equity derivatives market has been extremely positive over the years. The Study conducted has been an attempt to analyse the derivative market over the years and an analysis and a comparative study of the NSE and BSE has been attempted with the help of percentage analysis, trend and CAGR

ERP systems implementation through investment in marketing analytics capabilities (MACs) is imperative in Industry 4.0 age. The theoretical framework is developed and utilised for mapping the case study of a nationally well-renowned ERP consultancy strategic business unit (SBU) of FCL. The FCL uses marketing analytics capability for ERP projects’ implementation and consultancy around Pakistan. It is one of the few companies that have complete structure for SAP EPR solutions. The Marketing Analytics Capability Framework (MACF) for this case study is composed of Culture Capability (CC), Technology Capability (TC), and People Capability (PC), along with ERP implementation cycle. The team heads and experts, with notable experience, were interviewed, through operationalisation of non-probability purposive sampling. A holistic view of MACs for ERP implementation, through paradigm lens of big data business analytics (BDBA) is presented.

Advertising provides opportunities for dramatizing the company and its products through the armful use of print sound and color sometimes; however the tools very success at expressiveness may dilute or distract from the message. Advertising cannot be as a company sales representative, the audience does not feel obligated to pay attention or respond. Advertising is able to carry on only a monologue, not a dialogue, with the audience. Message is normally addressed to a specific person and does not reach others. The message can be customized to appeal to the addressed individual. The message can be prepared berry quickly for delivery to an indexer to an individual. The appeal of public relations is based on its three distinctive qualities. News stories and features seem more authentic and credible to readers that ads do. Off guard: public relations can reach many prospects who might avoid salespeople and advertisements. The researcher has collected from the 62 days in sales of Vasanth & Co while claimed that an attractive widow display strategy has conducted for the improvement of sales for the 62 day from 1st Dec 2020 to 31 Jan 2021. In the connection the researcher has attempt to made a study on advertising strategy in selected brands in washing machines in Vasanth & Co In Thanjavur Town Branch. That the available sample data provides significant evidence to conclude a 5% level of significance that the window displays technique had increased the sales significantly after 31 days as well as profits. Overall profit position and sales position has increased from 97 units (brands) to 134 units after have made window display technique from 1st Dec 2020 to 31st Jan 2021 (60 days).

This study aims to examine the effect of Price Earnings Ratio (PER), Earnings Per Share (EPS), Price to Book Value (PBV), and Return on Equity (ROE) on Company Stock Prices in the Jakarta Islamic Index group on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. In this study panel data was conducted on secondary data obtained from the financial statements of the Pharmaceutical Sub-Sector companies, which amounted to 11 issuers in the 2015-2020 period. The analytical tool used is multiple regression analysis. In this study it was found that Price Earnings Ratio and Return on Equity, and Earnings Per Share simultaneously affected stock prices in Pharmaceutical Sub-Sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Meanwhile, partially Price Earnings Ratio has no effect on the stock prices of Basic Industry sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Next, the current ratio and debt to asset ratio affect the company's stock price in the Basic Industry sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX).

The modern means of communication Facebook is one of the most famous modern means of communication because of its advantage over other modern means of communication, with several advantages that made it the forefront of cyberspace.
Facebook is an effective, interactive, interconnected communication medium that includes the largest human gathering on the face of the earth on its website that attracts the tourist masses using this method by promoting tourism activity, and all this is done by uploading photos, video clips, and their impressions about the places visited to promote the site of tourist attractions .
Cultural tourism is a type of tourism concerned with the tourism of antiquities, heritage, folklore, and the material and intangible cultural heritage of peoples, as well as visiting museums, theaters, libraries and all cultural activities and events, and cultural tourism is an activity that covers all travel purposes where people learn about each other ways of life and follow thought, and the tourist countries have always promoted cultural tourism. Because of its growing importance in the global tourism market.
To accomplish this study, a field survey method was adopted. The study concluded with many conclusions that had a role in stimulating cultural tourism in the city of Baghdad.
1- The importance of Facebook in tourism activity is highlighted by achieving awareness of the importance of tourism in society and the formation of tourism culture among its members.
2- Tourism activity depends on Facebook in providing tourism information, displaying tourism services, and introducing tourist facilities and tourist reservation possibilities.

Back Ground: India has gained demographic advantage due to its youth population. There is a need to channelise working-age population to choose right career in order to contribute to our economy which could be done by Educational institutions. Objectives: To identify the important variables associated with innovative ecosystem. To analyse the relationship between innovative ecosystem and social vision, social entrepreneurial intention. Methodology: Multistage sampling method was used to locate the students from various higher educational institutions in India. Survey questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS 26.0 is used to analyse the data. Correlation, factor analysis, Multiple regression was used in the study. Findings: social vision, social intelligence, self-awareness, social entrepreneurial intention, informal network support, and innovative ecosystem are the factors evolved. Discussion: Higher educational institutions could create an innovative ecosystem to support students to take social entrepreneurship as their career choice.

A field study aimed to knowing the development of self-management of secondary schools from the point of view of principals. The research adopted the descriptive analytical method. The research community consists of (249) male and female principals, and the research sample was chosen by simple random method, at a rate of (50%) from the original research community, as the number of sample individuals reached (125) principals. A questionnaire was built that included (36) items distributed among the fields of (preparation and arrangements, principles and goals, laws and the participation and responsibilities, implementation, follow-up and evaluation). The researcher made sure of their sincerity and reliability and the results of the research data were analyzed using the (SPSS) program, and came to the most important results: “The general average for the four fields was a weighted mean (2.624) and a percentage weight (87.466%), which is a very good result in developing self-management in secondary schools in Baghdad governorate and that the field of implementation, follow-up and evaluation was ranked first, followed by the field of preparation and arrangements. As for the fields of laws, participation and responsibilities, it won the third place, followed by the field of principles and objectives in the fourth place, and in conclusion the research proved a number of recommendations and proposals.

The aim of the current research is to identify the effectiveness of the program to retrieve past memories (Reminiscence) in adults of (65-75) years old, by (14) elderlies in the experimental group and (14) elderlies in the control group, then the researcher conducted the equivalent between the two groups in variables (Age, educational level, marital status, and their scores on the psychological depression scale), then the researcher designed a consulting program to retrieve past memories related to childhood, elementary school, intermediate and secondary schools, work, marriage, children, holidays and events, and the number of sessions reached (10) sessions at a rate of two sessions per week and the session time (90 minutes), and after applying the program to retrieve past memories (Reminiscence) on the experimental group, the results of the statistical analysis showed the following:
1. There are statistically significant differences in the post-measurement between the experimental group and their peers in the control group in favor of the experimental group on the psychological depression scale.
2. The presence of statistically significant differences between the averages of the pre-measurement grades and the post-measurement in favor of the post-application on the scale of psychological depression.
3. There are no statistically significant differences between the experimental group's grades in the post and tracer measures on the psychological depression scale.
In light of the results of the current research, the researcher developed a set of recommendations and proposals.

Over the last three decades markets have moved from mass market to dynamic market. At that time of traditional marketing customer was passive in nature. But in changing business environment, people are move from traditional to modern marketing which calls for more than developing a product pricing, promoting and making it accessible to target customers. In order to deliver the advertising effects on brand preference of durable goods of the customer satisfaction an organisation has to offer quality in its goods and services. Brand loyalty in an important and interesting area of customer behaviour. Brand in the marketing sense means ay letter, words, name, symbol or device or any combination of them to identify the source of manufactures are sell and distribution of a product.

The aim of this study is to review the default risk modelling literature from the perspective of Pakistan, where an effort has been put to cover the three classes of such models i.e. Accounting, Structural and Logit based hazard models. As per review it is very clear that the first two modelling techniques are extensively employed in Pakistan with Z-Score and KMV Merton model as commonly used estimation technique. Hazard models are the least used due to data issues, as for majority of delisted firms’ data is not available in data services like Thomson Reuters Eikon and Bloomberg before 2000 and even local data sources like Pakistan Stock Exchange is not of much help. Due to the reason Hazard Models are least employed for default risk estimation in Pakistan along with neural network models being most neglected one with only one paper in 2020. The review helps in identifying the gaps in this area of study, which include identification of models for future research and data issues in Pakistan along with equity pricing implications.

The cost and return on milk production is an important consideration for the dairy farmers to continue the activities of dairy farming. The study is undertaken with the objective of ascertaining the cost and return on production of milk at different levels of production. To conduct this study the researcher has obtained primary data from 40 dairy farms in Kamrup metro and Morigaon districts. The result shows that the dairy farmer garners higher return on direct sale to customers and hotels. There is an economies of scale in fodder and labour cost incurred for the dairy farmers rearing maximum number of cows with higher productivity. The increasing cost of feeds and fodder and lack of skilled manpower is a major constraint for the dairy farmers to continue dairy farming activities

The covid19 pandemic had forced the Government of India to impose a nationwide lockdown. The present study aims to investigate the impact of lockdown on various NSE India indexes. Event study technique which is used to calculate the abnormal return of a stock has been used. The closing price of 11 NSE India indexes has been used for the analysis. A window period of (+40, -40) days pre and post the event day has been selected. Two-tailed test has been used to test the null hypothesis both at 5% and 1% level of significance. The result of the study shows that most of the indexes had abnormal returns.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of transportation sector in Terengganu, Malaysia. The study employed a qualitative approach in which interviews and document analysis were used. The data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The findings show that the majority of informants are satisfied with the transportation sector around the main focus areas at Kuala Terengganu, but suggest increased public transport in interesting places located far from the city. However, the analysis shows that the main weaknesses that need to be addressed are the telecommunications systems in the tourist areas. The lack of internet access limits alternatives in choosing affordable transportation for tourists. The findings of this study contribute significantly to the enrichment of the literature in tourism and transportation. It also has positive implications for helping tourism operators such as government and private agencies involved to strengthen the tourism sector in Terengganu.

In common with other countries, the government of Pakistan has made it possible for taxpayers to file their income tax returns by email, with the latter being preferred because of its speed and simplicity. This research examines whether variables of theory of planned behaviour effects the taxpayer’s intention to use the system of electronic filing for tax return after fifteen years of its implementation in 2005 in Pakistan. Data collected from 218 respondents through questionnaires from salaried individuals within the city of Lahore. The results show that subjective norms, attitude towards behaviour and perceived behaviour control are significant association with intention to use. Since the Federal Board of Revenue is presently encouraging the use of electronic filing system, the outcomes may support the FBR to design a better effective plan of encouraging electronic filing usage among Pakistani taxpayers. At the end of the article limitations and future instructions are given.

The article analyzes the impact of factors affecting the ability to apply the ABC accounting method of Vietnam consumer goods enterprises, providing more empirical evidence on factors affecting the ability to apply ABC accounting method. The research method uses the survey of consumer goods enterprises. Quantitative research is done with SPSS 25 software. Research results show that 6 factors positively affect the ability to apply ABC accounting method, in which the level of human resources is the influencing factor. has the strongest influence on the ability to apply ABC accounting method of enterprises in the consumer goods industry. Based on the research results, the author has proposed recommendations to improve the ability to handle ABC accounting methods of enterprises in the consumer goods industry, thereby contributing to improving the performance of enterprises in the industry consumer goods.

This study aims to determine the effect of the tax object value (TOV), taxpayer attitudes, taxpayer awareness, tax knowledge, and Tax Returns Payable (TRP) on taxpayer compliance in paying land and Land and Building Taxes with tax penalties as moderating variable at North Denpasar District. This research uses primary data and secondary data. The number of samples in this research is 100 respondents with the sampling method usingaccidental sampling method. Data collection is done through documentation and questionnaire. Technical data analysis of his study using moderated regression analysis (MRA). The results of this study shows that the tax object value (TOV) has positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance, taxpayer attitude has positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance, taxpayer awareness has no significant effect on taxpayer compliance, tax knowledge has positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance, TRP has no significant effect on taxpayer compliance, tax penalties can moderating the effect of the tax object value (TOV) on taxpayer compliance, tax penalties can not moderating the effect of taxpayer attitude on taxpayer compliance, tax penalties can not moderating the effect of taxpayer awareness on taxpayer compliance,

Organizational culture is an important factor that has a positive and negative effect on employees’ job engagement and silent behavior. Literature suggested four types of organizational cultures such as Power Culture, Role Culture, Achievement culture, and Support culture that influences the employee’s Job engagement behavior. The study aimed to explain the relationship between organizational culture and employees’ Job engagement through the mediation of employee silence in public sector universities of Quetta, Balochistan. 300 questionnaires were distributed among which 200 responses were obtained using convenience sampling method with cross-sectional design. Findings suggested that there is a significant relationship between organizational culture and job engagement. The mediating effect of employee silence was also found to be significant in the relationship between organizational culture and job engagement.

Teaching about values affects the way teachers think and consequently influence the way they behave, which is manifested in actions. Teachers are not neutral with regard to values, as values are embedded within their attitudes and exhibited through their behavior. The inclusion of Physical Education (PE) as a subject area in all schools regardless of levels is mandated in Article XIV, Section 19 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. This qualitative study purported to determine the role of Physical Education teachers in the inculcation of values among college students. Twelve physical education teachers and eighty physical education students in the university have been chosen using criterion sampling. The findings revealed that the strength of the Physical Education teachers depended on how they perform their roles in instilling values among their students. They thread on being a model, a counselor, and a public relation specialist. But they needed to strengthen further their role of being a facilitator and a mentor. It is also important to enhance the skills of the teachers in assessing their student's value system.

The purpose of this study is to develop the “Research Methodology Toolkit” which enable to assist for front-line staff that enables them to learn about an issue and identify approaches for addressing them. Toolkits can help translate theory into practice, and typically target one issue or one audience. A toolkit is a become tool importance for lecturers or instructors to engage and interact with students in class. In this study, the “Research Methodology Toolkit” is a toolkit for supporting lecturers in teaching research methodology to students whether in class or research supervision. There is a Quantitative research design. This study is consisted two (2) phases of development. First phase is “Content Development” and second is “Toolkit Development”. Aims of this study are (i) identify the gaps in comprehension which affect the conduct of small-scale research projects among the final year students; (ii) develop a research methodology toolkit for students and lecturers; and (iii) examining the effectiveness of the research methodology toolkit. For the First phase, researcher come out the toolkit content using Inquiry based learning and Gamification approach in process of executing the questions to students. Then, the Second phase development comprises the keyword cards, keyword manual of answers, leader board, score board, game based, games regulations and role of game master. In answering the first research objective study found students has difficulties to understand the concept and application of research methodology as well as lecturers/supervisors also have issue in explaining the research methodology concept as well as application to students/supervisees. Then, the second objective is development of toolkit which consisted seven (7) components which are the keyword cards, answers booklet, leader board, score board, game based, games regulations and role of game master. Hence, in examining the effectiveness of the “Research Methodology Toolkit” the first usability stated 94% participants mentioned they are satisfied with interface and content of the toolkit and the second usability test is described majority of participants understand on the keyword questions. Practical implication showed the “Research Methodology Toolkit” is enabled to increase the engagement and interaction between lecturers and students in class as well as supervisor and supervisees in supervision process. Future researcher is advised to expand this research to the postgraduate students.

Marketing is considered to be one of the most critical tasks for minor plus medium-sized enterprises in terms of growth as well as development, but it is also considered to be the biggest challenge for SMEs. Shortage of possessions, expertise and expertise, it is hard for SMEs to carry out traditional marketing activities. As a result, working in an atmosphere of aggregate dynamics, turbulence and competitiveness means that entrepreneurs with innovative creative concepts and attitudes, such as Entrepreneurial Marketing, have to overcome and modify conventional marketing principles (EM). When conventional marketing does not support small and medium enterprises (SME) then here is A new area of exploration that initiated by combination of marketing and entrepreneurship is Entrepreneurial marketing. The main purpose of this essay is the notion that can be found in literature like types, dimensions of Entrepreneurial marketing and major differences b/w Entrepreneurial marketing and conventional marketing. It also give a brief view about the history of basis of different new fields and in the last it focuses on the significance of small and medium enterprise with reference to the modern standard. The main objective of this study is to provide guideline to small and medium enterprises and give suggestion to them about future research direction in the same field.

This study is an attempt to provide comprehensive information and explore the significance of the role of folk media as a powerful tool towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 3 in India. The methodology adopted is the analysis of case studies developed through in-depth interview to show the impact of folk media in attaining the objectives. Communication plays a fundamental role in disseminating information, encouraging participation, and stimulating community action. Any program for development is a failure if the people are treated as mere recipients rather than active participants. Involving people as contributors to change and progress will accelerate the process of development. Third world countries like India have been facing odd situations in terms of poverty, environment, health, politics, and education. There have been efforts by the government and non- government agencies to sensitize the citizens and to make them acknowledge the programs intended at improving their socio-economic welfare. Communication is a vital tool in mobilizing people in the direction of the participatory process which in turn makes development an achievable goal. Traditional folk media forms have a personal appeal as they are close to the minds and hearts of the people. Folk arts like Tamasha, Nautanki, Puppetry, Bhand Pather have been used time and again to instruct the masses and bring about a change. The common denominator of communication and development is participation, hence traditional folk media forms can be used effectively for development as they work on the Participatory model.

Banking during Roman times was not as we understand banking in modern times. During the Participate, the majority of banking activities were conducted by private individuals, and not by large banking corporations that exist today. Internet banking-Internet banking is changing the banking industry and is having the major effects on banking relationships. Banking is now no longer confined to the branches were one has to approach the branch in person, to withdraw cash or deposit a cheque or request a statement of accounts. In true Internet banking, any inquiry or transaction is processed online without any reference to the branch (anywhere banking) at any time. Providing Internet banking is increasingly becoming a "need to have" than a "nice to have" service.

E-Banking is your personal banking service on the Internet, protected with bank identifiers. It is available anywhere, anytime. E-Banking allows you to pay invoices to Finnish and foreign recipients easily and securely. You can also check your account balances and transactions. You can order a new card, withdraw a loan granted to you and make mutual fund subscriptions. You access e-Banking services by obtaining bank identifiers. E-Banking as such is free of charge but commissions and fees in accordance with the service tariff will be levied on orders and other transactions carried out through e-Banking. E-Banking allows you to pay invoices to Finnish and foreign recipients easily and securely. You can also check your account balances and transactions. You can order a new card, withdraw a loan granted to you and make mutual fund subscriptions. You access e-Banking services by obtaining bank identifiers. E-Banking as such is free of charge but commissions and fees in accordance with the service tariff will be levied on orders and other transactions carried out through e-Banking. The password for online banking is normally not the same as for telephone banking. Financial institutions now routinely allocate customers numbers, whether or not customers have indicated an intention to access their online banking facility.

Predicting a stock price is a very difficult task because it is complex and involves many factors. This has led to drop in the investment level in the Malaysian stock market. It is difficult to predict the stock market because its environments are unstable and dynamic. Recently, the demand for neural network in the business arena is on the increase. It is need to analyze vast data in order to search for information and knowledge that do not exist by using traditional methods. This included stock market prediction that is a very significant research in business area. In regard to Bursa Malaysia, Artificial Neural Network (ANNs). ANNs was only used to predict main index, i.e. Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI), but no attempt to predict share price and in particular banking sector. Since ANN has potential to predict non-linear behavior, this research attempts the use of ANNs to predict banking sector stock price in FTSE Bursa Saham Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (FBM KLCI). One of the interesting topics of stock-market research is stock market prediction. Precise stock forecasting becomes the greatest challenge in the investment industry because stock data distribution changes over time. This paper investigates the use of ANN to predict Malaysian stock price, in particular Maybank Berhad stock price. The feedforward neural back-propagation network with Training Function Gradient Decent Training Algorithm is used in this study. The outcome of selected stocks, namely Maybank, are modeled and simulated and the results show that ANN offers a very accurate stock model and also generates competitive systems using all four trading strategies. The results also show that, neural network is a good tool to predict stock price movement with accuracy higher than 95%. Closing price is a good input for neural network model for stock price prediction.

Plastic waste pollution is a major problem in Malaysia as the country ranks among the top ten countries with mismanaged plastic waste in the world. Malaysia has produced significant amount of plastic waste where most are washed into the oceans, dumped at landfills, burnt, and a fraction being recycled. This situation continuously affects human health and environment especially in marine waters. Existing waste management practices lack in handling large amount of plastic waste from household and businesses as there is no uniform approach within Malaysia to address the use of plastic waste. This paper reviews and analyses existing laws and social practice in relation to reducing plastic waste in Malaysia. It concludes that initiatives by the Malaysian government to reduce plastic waste is still within preliminary stages, and substantive legal approach remains absent.

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a widely used principle that focuses on the responsibility of manufacturers throughout the life-cycle of products taking into account their impacts on the environment for a sound sustainable waste management. The EPR has emerged as a significant tool conceptualized from the polluter pay principle (PPP) to regulate manufacturer’s role in controlling or preventing harmful consequences of their products into the environment. In this paper, the main discussion will revolve around the opportunities of establishing an EPR legal system in Malaysia especially in regards to supporting management of solid waste such as plastic. Existing Malaysian related waste management strategies are reviewed to seek opportunities in implementing EPR under the Circular Economy initiatives. The EPR implementation schemes in selected countries will also be highlighted in the context of sustainable waste management.

Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the engine of economic growth which constitutes the majority of business enterprises and they are vital for employment generation, income creation and poverty alleviation. MSMEs are the second largest source of employment next only to agriculture.The main objective of this paper is to analyse the financial barriers faced by the MSMEs while attempted to avail the financing opportunities from the financial institutions. The researcher conducted exploratory factor analysis to the proposed variables in the model by using KMO and Bartlett’s test. Simple linear regression analysis has been conducted to compare Micro, Small and Medium enterprises. The researcher proposed type of industry, tenure of business, procedural complications, lack of knowledge about finance schemes, difficulty in documentation are the independent variables of the study which may leads for availing the finance from different financial organizations. Further, the researcher afforded to know the impact of availing finance of MSMEs in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India.

This study was an attempt to understand the key reasons why management graduate
students are failing in getting the better placements. From the last five years the placements of
the management graduates has drastically reduced and some of the research studies has shown
that the decline in the placements of the some of the tier two b-schools are just because of the
reasons that they are not able to meet the requirement of the corporates so this study is an attempt
to understand the various skills sets demanded by the industry and what are the keys skills that
the students has to be trained in the colleges to make them corporate ready. This study was
conducted with the help of the research questionnaire which helped in collecting the data from
697 students and 92 recruiters of the various companies who visits the business schools for the
campus recruitment. The study was significant to understand the key skills demanded by the
industy.